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The Economics of Rising Fuel Costs and European Fisheries Les pêcheries européennes confrontées à la croissance du coût des carburants Die ökonomischen Aspekte steigender Mineralölkosten und europäischer Fischerei

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  • Ragnar Arnason

Abstract

The Economics of European Fisheries The huge increase in fuel prices — about doubling since 2004 — represents a major economic shock to European fishing fleets. Before this latest price hike, fuel accounted for 15 per cent of the operating costs of most fleet segments. Thus, in spite of various fuel saving measures, this fuel price increase has probably reduced the profitability of European fishing fleets by well over 5 per cent of revenues on average. What is perhaps less obvious is that the fuel price increase also serves to bring the industry more into line with the biological productivity of the fish stocks. Many European fisheries today are characterized by excessive fishing fleets and severely overexploited fish stocks. It is shown in this article that lower profitability in fishing serves to reduce this excessive fishing pressure leading to some fish stock recovery and the possibility of higher sustainable catches. Thus, as painful as it is to the fishing industry, this fuel price increase may actually contribute to a healthier fishery in the longer run, and by increasing sustainable catches also benefit consumers of fish. These benefits, however, will not materialize if the impact of the fuel price increase is neutralized by inadvisable financial subsidies to the fishing industry La très forte croissance des coûts des carburants (il a sensiblement doublés depuis 2004) constitue pour la flotte de pêche européenne un choc majeur. Avant ce pic des prix, les carburants représentaient environ 15% des coûts de la plupart des unités. De ce fait, même en tenant compte des mesures prises pour diminuer la consommation, cet accroissement du prix des carburants a conduit à une diminution de la profitabilité des flottes de pêche qui atteint en moyenne une valeur largement supérieure à 5% des recettes. Ce qui est peut être moins évident, c'est que cet accroissement du prix des carburant a aussi pour conséquence de replacer l'ensemble de l'industrie dans une situation plus proche de la productivité biologique naturelle du stock de poissons. Beaucoup de pêcheries européennes aujourd'hui sont caractérisées par des flottes trop importantes et une forte surexploitation du stock. Cet article montre que la baisse de profi tabilité de la pêche devrait entraîner une réduction de la pression excessive sur les stocks de poissons, permettant dans certain cas leur reconstitution, et la promesse de prises plus abondantes dans l'avenir. Par conséquent, si pénible que soit cet accroissement du prix des carburants pour l'industrie de la pêche, il devrait à long terme contribuer à une meilleure santé des pêcheries, en même temps que, en garantissant la durabilité des prises, à améliorer la situation des consommateurs de poisson. Ces bénéfi ces, toutefois, ne se concrétiseront pas si l'effet de l'accroissement du prix des carburants est contrebalancé par l'attribution maladroite de subventions aux pêcheries. Der enorme Anstieg der Mineralölpreise, die sich seit 2004 nahezu verdoppelt haben, stellt in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht einen schweren Schlag für die europäischen Fangfl otten dar. Vor dem jüngsten Preisanstieg machten die Mineralölkosten in den meisten Flottensegmenten 15 Prozent der Betriebskosten aus. Trotz verschiedener Maßnahmen zur Verringerung des Mineralölverbrauchs hat dieser Anstieg der Mineralölpreise demnach wahrscheinlich die Rentabilität der europäischen Fangfl otten im Durchschnitt um deutlich mehr als fünf Prozent der Erlöse gesenkt. Es ist möglicherweise weniger offensichtlich, dass der Anstieg der Mineralölpreise ebenfalls dazu führt, dass sich die Industrie mehr an die biologische Produktivität der Fischbestände anpasst. Viele Bereiche der europäischen Fischerei zeichnen sich heute durch übermäßig große Fangfl otten und starke Überfischung aus. In diesem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, dass eine geringere Rentabilität in der Fischerei dazu beiträgt, den Druck für die übermäßige Fischerei zu senken; dadurch könnten sich die Fischbestände erholen und es wären nachhaltig höhere Fangmengen möglich. So schmerzhaft es für die Fischindustrie auch sein mag: Der Anstieg des Mineralölpreises könnte daher tatsächlich auf lange Sicht zu einer florierenden Fischerei beitragen, und von nachhaltig höheren Fangmengen könnten ebenfalls die Verbraucher profitieren. Dazu wird es jedoch nicht kommen, wenn die Auswirkungen des Anstiegs des Mineralölpreises durch die nicht zu empfehlende finanzielle Unterstützung der Fischindustrie kompensiert werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Ragnar Arnason, 2007. "The Economics of Rising Fuel Costs and European Fisheries Les pêcheries européennes confrontées à la croissance du coût des carburants Die ökonomischen Aspekte steigender Mineralölkosten und europäisc," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 6(1), pages 22-29, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:6:y:2007:i:1:p:22-29
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-692X.2007.00048.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. H. Scott Gordon, 1954. "The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Chennat Gopalakrishnan (ed.), Classic Papers in Natural Resource Economics, chapter 9, pages 178-203, Palgrave Macmillan.
    2. Milazzo, M., 1998. "Subsidies in World Fisheries. A Reexamination," Papers 406, World Bank - Technical Papers.
    3. H. Scott Gordon, 1954. "The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 62(2), pages 124-124.
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