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What's in a Name? Defining New Entrants to Farming

Author

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  • Rachel Creaney
  • Hannah Hasler
  • Lee‐Ann Sutherland

Abstract

New entrants to farming are eligible for CAP targeted supports. The intention of these supports is to promote innovativeness and sustainability in the agricultural sector through generational renewal. However, new entrants (successors or those completely new into the industry), still face multiple barriers above other longstanding farmers, including lack of access to necessary capital, land and housing. There is also ambiguity about the success of new entrant supports in achieving their stated objectives. We draw on results from an online survey distributed to anyone involved in farming in Europe, including European new entrants and those working in new entrant support services. Survey respondents were asked how they would define a ‘new entrant farmer’. A clear majority of respondents indicated that new entrants should be new to the industry; that is, not successors to existing farm businesses. A substantial minority of respondents indicated that new entrants should be establishing innovative new businesses, with an overlapping cohort emphasising sustainability. Very few respondents identified age as an important criterion. We argue that the new entrant definition utilised in policy supports could be more targeted towards policy objectives, distinguishing social justice supports (enabling newcomers to enter the sector), from supports for innovation (e.g. venture capital funds) and sustainability (greening the CAP). Les nouveaux arrivants dans l'agriculture ont droit aux aides ciblées de la PAC. Ces aides visent à promouvoir l'innovation et la durabilité dans le secteur agricole par le renouvellement des générations. Cependant, les nouveaux arrivants (successeurs ou complètement nouveaux venus dans l'industrie) sont toujours confrontés à de multiples obstacles par rapport aux agriculteurs établis de longue date, notamment le manque d'accès au capital, à la terre et au logement dont ils ont besoin. La capacité des aides aux nouveaux arrivants à réaliser leurs objectifs déclarés est également ambigüe. Nous nous appuyons sur les résultats d'une enquête en ligne distribuée aux nouveaux arrivants européens et aux employés des services qui les accompagnent. On a demandé aux participants à cette enquête comment ils définiraient un ‘nouvel agriculteur arrivant’. Une nette majorité de répondants ont indiqué que les nouveaux arrivants devraient être nouveaux venus dans l'industrie; c'est‐à‐dire qu'il ne s'agit pas de successeurs d'entreprises agricoles existantes. Une minorité substantielle de répondants ont indiqué que les nouveaux arrivants devraient créer de nouvelles entreprises innovantes, avec une cohorte qui se chevauche mettant l'accent sur la durabilité. Très peu de répondants ont identifié l'âge comme un critère important. Nous soutenons que la définition des nouveaux arrivants utilisée dans les soutiens publics pourrait être davantage ciblée sur les objectifs de la politique, en distinguant les soutiens à la justice sociale (permettant aux nouveaux arrivants d'entrer dans le secteur) des soutiens à l'innovation (par exemple, les fonds de capital‐risque) et à la durabilité (verdissement de la PAC). Für den Neueinstieg in die Landwirtschaft sind bestimmte GAP‐Förderprogramme vorgesehen. Ziel dieser Programme ist es, die Innovationsfähigkeit und Nachhaltigkeit des Agrarsektors durch einen Generationswechsel zu fördern. Neueinsteigende (durch Hofnachfolge oder ganz neu in den Wirtschaftszweig Strebende) sehen sich jedoch zahlreichen Hindernissen ausgesetzt – im Gegensatz zu jenen die schon lange Jahre Landwirtschaft betreiben. Hierzu zählen der fehlende Zugang zu Kapital, Land und Wohnraum. Zudem ist unklar wie erfolgreich die Förderung von Neueinsteigenden bei der Erreichung ihrer erklärten Ziele ist. Wir stützen uns auf die Ergebnisse einer Online‐Befragung, die in Europa durchgeführt wurde. Sie richtete an Neueinsteigende in die Landwirtschaft und an Personen, die in entsprechenden Fördereinrichtungen arbeiten. Unter anderem wurde die Frage gestellt, wie „Neueinsteigende “definiert werden können. Eine deutliche Mehrheit der Befragten gab an, dass es sich bei Neueinsteigenden um Personen handeln sollte, die ganz neu in die Landwirtschaft streben und nicht um Nachfolger oder Nachfolgerinnen von bestehenden landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben. Ein kleiner Teil der Befragten gab an, dass Neueinsteigende innovative neue Unternehmen gründen und dabei den Schwerpunkt auf Nachhaltigkeit legen sollten. Nur sehr wenige Befragte nannten das Alter als wichtiges Kriterium. Wir schlagen vor, dass die Definition von Neueinsteigenden, die in Förderprogrammen verwendet wird, gezielter auf die politischen Ziele ausgerichtet werden könnte. Dabei sollte zwischen der Förderung von sozialer Gerechtigkeit (die Neueinsteigenden den Zugang zum Sektor ermöglicht) und der Förderung von Innovation (z. B. Risikokapitalfonds) und der Förderung von Nachhaltigkeit (Ökologisierung der GAP) unterschieden wird.

Suggested Citation

  • Rachel Creaney & Hannah Hasler & Lee‐Ann Sutherland, 2023. "What's in a Name? Defining New Entrants to Farming," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 22(1), pages 58-65, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:22:y:2023:i:1:p:58-65
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12382
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Oksana Žabko & Talis Tisenkopfs, 2022. "New Entrants Need Tailored Farm Advice," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 21(1), pages 63-69, April.
    2. Pindado, Emilio & Sánchez, Mercedes & Verstegen, Jos A.A.M. & Lans, Thomas, 2018. "Searching for the entrepreneurs among new entrants in European Agriculture: the role of human and social capital," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 19-30.
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