IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/eurcho/v19y2020i3p34-39.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Food Supply Chains and Covid‐19: Impacts and Policy Lessons

Author

Listed:
  • Koen Deconinck
  • Ellie Avery
  • Lee Ann Jackson

Abstract

Covid‐19 placed unprecedented stresses on food supply chains. Farms faced bottlenecks for some inputs, notably seasonal labour. Processing was disrupted by labour shortages and shutdowns, especially in meat processing. Air freight, important for fruits and vegetables, was severely disrupted. Demand from restaurants and food service collapsed, while retail food demand surged. Yet supply chains in the developed world have been remarkably resilient to date. Store shelves were replenished as stockpiling behaviour subsided and as supply chain actors expanded operating hours, increased staff, simplified the product range and found alternative suppliers. This rapid recovery was facilitated by policy decisions to reduce border waiting times, to streamline certification procedures and to relax regulations on trade in food. Importantly, policymakers have so far mostly avoided a repeat of the mistakes of the 2007–2008 food price crisis, which was greatly exacerbated by export bans. Some bottlenecks remain, and there may be new supply risks as Covid‐19 spreads in Latin America. Overall, the biggest risk to food security is not food availability, but consumers’ loss of income. Safety nets and food assistance are essential to avoid an increase in hunger, especially in developing countries. La pandémie de Covid‐19 a exercé des pressions sans précédent sur les chaînes d'approvisionnement alimentaire. Les exploitations agricoles ont été confrontées à des goulots d'étranglement pour certains intrants, notamment la main‐d'œuvre saisonnière. La transformation a été perturbée par des pénuries de main‐d'œuvre et des fermetures, en particulier dans la transformation de la viande. Le fret aérien, important pour les fruits et légumes, a été gravement perturbé. La demande des restaurants et des services alimentaires s'est effondrée, tandis que la demande de produits alimentaires a bondi au niveau du détail. Pourtant, les chaînes d'approvisionnement des pays développés ont été remarquablement résilientes à ce jour. Les étagères des magasins ont été réapprovisionnées à mesure que le comportement de stockage diminuait et que les acteurs de la chaîne d'approvisionnement allongeaient les heures d'ouverture, augmentaient le personnel, simplifiaient la gamme de produits et trouvaient des fournisseurs alternatifs. Cette reprise rapide a été facilitée par des décisions gouvernementales visant à réduire les temps d'attente aux frontières, à rationaliser les procédures de certification et à assouplir les réglementations sur le commerce des denrées alimentaires. Il est important de noter que les décideurs de l’action publique ont jusqu'à présent évité la plupart du temps une répétition des erreurs de la crise des prix alimentaires de 2007–2008, qui a été grandement exacerbée par les interdictions d'exportation. Certains goulots d'étranglement subsistent et il peut y avoir de nouveaux risques d'approvisionnement alors que la Covid‐19 se propage en Amérique latine. Dans l’ensemble, le plus grand risque pour la sécurité alimentaire n’est pas la disponibilité de la nourriture, mais la perte de revenus des consommateurs. Les filets de sécurité et l'assistance alimentaire sont essentiels pour éviter une augmentation de la faim, en particulier dans les pays en développement. Die Covid‐19‐Pandemie stellte eine noch nie dagewesene Belastung für die Lebensmittellieferketten dar. Die landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe sahen sich mit Engpässen im Bereich einiger betriebswirtschaftlicher Input‐Faktoren konfrontiert, insbesondere im Bereich der Saisonarbeitskräfte. Auch die Verarbeitung der landwirtschaftlichen Produkte wurde durch Arbeitskräftemangel und Betriebsstilllegungen, insbesondere in der Fleischverarbeitung, unterbrochen. Der Warenverkehr per Luftfracht, der für Obst und Gemüse wichtig ist, war ernsthaft gestört. Die Nachfrage der Restaurants und der Gastronomie brach ein, während die Nachfrage des Einzelhandels nach Lebensmitteln stark anstieg. Dennoch haben sich die Lieferketten in den Industrieländern bis heute als bemerkenswert widerstandsfähig erwiesen. Die Regale des Lebensmitteleinzelhandels konnten wieder aufgefüllt werden, weil das Horten von Produkten nachließ und weil die Zulieferbetriebe ihre Arbeitszeiten ausgeweitet hatten. Darüber hinaus stockte der Lebensmitteleinzelhandel Personal auf, vereinfachte die Produktpalette und fand alternative Zulieferbetriebe. Diese rasche Erholung wurde durch politische Entscheidungen zur Verkürzung der Wartezeiten an den Grenzen, zur Straffung der Zertifizierungsverfahren und zur Lockerung der Vorschriften für den Handel mit Lebensmitteln erleichtert. Besonders bemerkenswert ist dabei, dass die politischen Entscheidungstragenden bislang eine Wiederholung der Fehler der Lebensmittelpreiskrise von 2007–2008, die durch Exportverbote damals erheblich verschärft wurde, weitgehend vermieden haben. Einige Engpässe bestehen aber nach wie vor und mit der Ausbreitung von Covid‐19 in Lateinamerika könnten sich neue Versorgungsrisiken ergeben. Das insgesamt größte Risiko für die Ernährungssicherheit besteht allerdings nicht in der Verfügbarkeit von Nahrungsmitteln, sondern in den Einkommensverlusten der Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher. Sicherheitsnetze und Nahrungsmittelhilfen sind daher unerlässlich, um einen Anstieg des Hungers, insbesondere in den Entwicklungsländern, zu verhindern.

Suggested Citation

  • Koen Deconinck & Ellie Avery & Lee Ann Jackson, 2020. "Food Supply Chains and Covid‐19: Impacts and Policy Lessons," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 19(3), pages 34-39, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:34-39
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12297
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12297
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/1746-692X.12297?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Herrera, Helios & Konradt, Maximilian & Ordoñez, Guillermo & Trebesch, Christoph, 2020. "Corona politics: The cost of mismanaging pandemics," Kiel Working Papers 2165, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    2. Thiemo Fetzer & Lukas Hensel & Johannes Hermle & Christopher Roth, 2021. "Coronavirus Perceptions and Economic Anxiety," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 103(5), pages 968–978-9, December.
    3. Boot, Arnoud W. A. & Carletti, Elena & Haselmann, Rainer & Kotz, Hans-Helmut & Krahnen, Jan Pieter & Pelizzon, Loriana & Schaefer, Stephen M. & Subrahmanyam, Marti G., 2020. "The Coronavirus and financial stability," SAFE Policy Letters 78, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    4. Christian Hutter & Enzo Weber, 2020. "Corona-Krise: die transformative Rezession [Corona Crisis: Transformative Recession]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 100(6), pages 429-431, June.
    5. Charlotte H. Watts & Patrick Vallance & Christopher J. M. Whitty, 2020. "Coronavirus: global solutions to prevent a pandemic," Nature, Nature, vol. 578(7795), pages 363-363, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Brenda Cardoso & Luiza Cunha & Adriana Leiras & Paulo Gonçalves & Hugo Yoshizaki & Irineu de Brito Junior & Frederico Pedroso, 2021. "Causal Impacts of Epidemics and Pandemics on Food Supply Chains: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-28, August.
    2. Bina, Justin D. & Tonsor, Glynn T. & Schulz, Lee L. & Hahn, William F., 2022. "Regional and plant-size impacts of COVID-19 on beef processing," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    3. Y. Zhao & C. Huang & J. Luo, 2022. "How to Prepare for the Next Pandemic -- Investigation of Correlation Between Food Prices and COVID-19 From Global and Local Perspectives," Papers 2211.15515, arXiv.org.
    4. Christopher M. Durugbo & Zainab Al-Balushi, 2023. "Supply chain management in times of crisis: a systematic review," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 73(3), pages 1179-1235, September.
    5. Chalita Jainonthee & Sinh Dang-Xuan & Hung Nguyen-Viet & Fred Unger & Warangkhana Chaisowwong, 2022. "Impacts of the Pandemic, Animal Source Food Retailers’ and Consumers’ Knowledge and Attitudes toward COVID-19, and Their Food Safety Practices in Chiang Mai, Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-24, August.
    6. David R Just, 2023. "On the policy relevance of agricultural economics," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 50(4), pages 1256-1276.
    7. Chetna Chauhan & Manzoor Ul Akram & Diptanshu Gaur, 2021. "Technology-Driven Responsiveness in Times of COVID-19: A Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy AHP-Based Approach," International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 48-61, December.
    8. Azzam, Azzeddine & Gren, Ing-Marie & Andersson, Hans, 2023. "Comparative resilience of US and EU meat processing to the Covid19 pandemic," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    9. Balezentis, Tomas & Zickiene, Agne & Volkov, Artiom & Streimikiene, Dalia & Morkunas, Mangirdas & Dabkiene, Vida & Ribasauskiene, Erika, 2023. "Measures for the viable agri-food supply chains: A multi-criteria approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 155(PA).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Roberta Capello & Andrea Caragliu, 2021. "Regional growth and disparities in a post‐COVID Europe: A new normality scenario," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(4), pages 710-727, September.
    2. Nagurney, Anna, 2021. "Supply chain game theory network modeling under labor constraints: Applications to the Covid-19 pandemic," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 293(3), pages 880-891.
    3. Parajuli, Anubhuti & Kuzgunkaya, Onur & Vidyarthi, Navneet, 2021. "The impact of congestion on protection decisions in supply networks under disruptions," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    4. He, Hongwei & Harris, Lloyd, 2020. "The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on corporate social responsibility and marketing philosophy," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 176-182.
    5. Shelat, Sanmay & Cats, Oded & van Cranenburgh, Sander, 2022. "Traveller behaviour in public transport in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 357-371.
    6. Belhadi, Amine & Kamble, Sachin & Jabbour, Charbel Jose Chiappetta & Gunasekaran, Angappa & Ndubisi, Nelson Oly & Venkatesh, Mani, 2021. "Manufacturing and service supply chain resilience to the COVID-19 outbreak: Lessons learned from the automobile and airline industries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    7. Backhaus, Andreas, 2022. "International travel in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of German school breaks," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    8. Madurai Elavarasan, Rajvikram & Shafiullah, GM & Raju, Kannadasan & Mudgal, Vijay & Arif, M.T. & Jamal, Taskin & Subramanian, Senthilkumar & Sriraja Balaguru, V.S. & Reddy, K.S. & Subramaniam, Umashan, 2020. "COVID-19: Impact analysis and recommendations for power sector operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    9. Sarkar, Kankan & Khajanchi, Subhas & Nieto, Juan J., 2020. "Modeling and forecasting the COVID-19 pandemic in India," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    10. Bruno Boidin, 2020. "Enfin la soutenabilité forte ? Économie hétérodoxe et monde post-Covid 19," Post-Print hal-04431248, HAL.
    11. Mohammed, Mikidadu & Barrales-Ruiz, Jose A., 2020. "Pandemics and Oil Shocks," EconStor Preprints 222268, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    12. Toros, Karmen & Falch-Eriksen, Asgeir, 2020. "A child’s right to protection during the COVID-19 crisis: An exploratory study of the child protective services of Estonia," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    13. Carigiet, Erwin, 2020. "Gesundheits- und Sozialpolitik in Zeiten von Covid-19," ZögU - Zeitschrift für öffentliche und gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, vol. 43(3), pages 267-281.
    14. Rujeerapaiboon, Napat & Zhong, Yuanguang & Zhu, Dan, 2023. "Resilience of long chain under disruption," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 309(2), pages 597-615.
    15. Brink, Siegrun & Levering, Britta & Icks, Annette, 2020. "Zukunftspanel Mittelstand 2020: Update der Expertenbefragung zu aktuellen und zukünftigen Herausforderungen des deutschen Mittelstands," IfM-Materialien 282, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn.
    16. Cathy W S Chen & Tsai-Hung Fan, 2022. "Public opinion concerning governments’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(3), pages 1-10, March.
    17. Meyer, Nikolaus & Buschle, Christina, 2020. "Soziale Arbeit in der Corona-Pandemie: Zwischen Überforderung und Marginalisierung. Empirische Trends und professionstheoretische Analysen zur Arbeitssituation im Lockdown," IU Discussion Papers - Social Sciences 4/2020, IU International University of Applied Sciences.
    18. Ingersoll, Alicia R. & Cook, Alison & Glass, Christy, 2023. "A free solo in heels: Corporate risk taking among women executives and directors," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    19. Ivanov, Dmitry, 2020. "Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global supply chains: A simulation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) case," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    20. Simionescu, Mihaela & Raišienė, Agota Giedrė, 2021. "A bridge between sentiment indicators: What does Google Trends tell us about COVID-19 pandemic and employment expectations in the EU new member states?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:34-39. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/eaaeeea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.