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Covid‐19 and Global Food Security

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  • Johan Swinnen
  • John McDermott

Abstract

Covid‐19 has major implications for global food security. The virus itself and the policy reactions have triggered a massive recession and major disruptions in food value chains. The combination of both has been dramatic for the food and nutrition security of billions of poor people around the world. The impacts are heterogeneous, depending on the nature of the commodity, the resource‐intensity of the food systems, and the level of economic development. Covid‐19 affects the food security and nutrition of poor people more strongly than that of richer people. Women, children and migrants are particularly affected. It is important to balance movement control and other social distancing measures with policy initiatives to improve the food and nutrition security and livelihoods of vulnerable groups. A crucial issue moving forward is to make food supply chains, and food systems generally, more resilient for the future. While many food systems have been significantly disrupted, others have been more resilient, with food supplies relatively unaffected. Innovations are helping to overcome obstacles and make food supply chains more resilient for the future. Overall, the insights and lessons from Covid‐19 should help to design better policies and build more resilient and inclusive food systems for the future. La Covid‐19 a des implications majeures pour la sécurité alimentaire mondiale. Le virus lui‐même et les réactions des pouvoirs publics ont déclenché une récession massive et des perturbations majeures dans les chaînes de valeur alimentaires. La combinaison des deux a été dramatique pour la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle de milliards de pauvres dans le monde. Les impacts sont hétérogènes, en fonction de la nature du produit, de l'intensité des ressources des systèmes alimentaires et du niveau de développement économique. La Covid‐19 affecte plus fortement la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition des personnes pauvres que celle des plus riches. Les femmes, les enfants et les migrants sont particulièrement touchés. Il est important d’équilibrer le contrôle des déplacements et d'autres mesures de distanciation sociale avec des initiatives publiques visant à améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle et les moyens de subsistance des groupes vulnérables. Une question cruciale pour aller de l'avant est de rendre les chaînes d'approvisionnement alimentaire, et les systèmes alimentaires en général, plus résilients pour l'avenir. Alors que de nombreux systèmes alimentaires ont été considérablement perturbés, d'autres ont été plus résilients, les approvisionnements alimentaires étant relativement peu affectés. Les innovations contribuent à surmonter les obstacles et à rendre les chaînes d'approvisionnement alimentaire plus résilientes pour l'avenir. Dans l'ensemble, les idées et les leçons tirées de la Covid‐19 devraient aider à concevoir de meilleures politiques et à construire des systèmes alimentaires plus résilients et inclusifs pour l'avenir. Covid‐19 hat erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die globale Ernährungssicherheit. Das Virus selbst und die politischen Reaktionen haben eine massive Rezession und erhebliche Störungen in den Lebensmittel‐Wertschöpfungsketten ausgelöst. Die Kombination von beidem hat zu dramatischen Auswirkungen auf die Lebensmittel‐ und Ernährungssicherheit von Milliarden armer Menschen auf der ganzen Welt geführt. Die Auswirkungen sind jedoch unterschiedlich und hängen von der Art des Produkts, der Ressourcenintensität der Ernährungssysteme und dem wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsstand ab. Im Vergleich zu reicheren Menschen wirkt sich Covid‐19 stärker auf die Ernährungssicherheit und Ernährung armer Menschen aus. Besonders betroffen sind Frauen, Kinder und Migrantinnen und Migranten. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es wichtig, ein Gleichgewicht zwischen der Kontrolle von menschlichen Bewegungen und anderen Maßnahmen zur räumlichen Trennung und politischen Initiativen zur Verbesserung der Ernährungs‐ und Lebensmittelsicherheit und der Lebensgrundlagen gefährdeter Gruppen herzustellen. Um diesbezüglich voranzukommen ist es von zentraler Bedeutung, Lebensmittel‐Lieferketten und Lebensmittelsysteme im Allgemeinen für die Zukunft resilienter zu machen. Während viele Ernährungssysteme erheblich beeinträchtigt wurden, waren andere resilienter, wobei die Nahrungsmittelversorgung relativ wenig Schaden genommen hat. Innovationen tragen dazu bei, Hindernisse zu überwinden und die Lebensmittel‐Lieferketten für die Zukunft resilienter zu machen. Insgesamt sollten die Erkenntnisse und Lehren aus Covid‐19 dazu beitragen, bessere politische Strategien zu entwerfen und resilientere und integrativere Ernährungssysteme für die Zukunft aufzubauen.

Suggested Citation

  • Johan Swinnen & John McDermott, 2020. "Covid‐19 and Global Food Security," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 19(3), pages 26-33, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:26-33
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12288
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    2. Dietrich, Stephan & Giuffrida, Valerio & Martorano, Bruno & Schmerzeck, Georg, 2021. "COVID-19 policy responses, mobility, and food prices: Evidence from local markets in 47 low to middle income countries," MERIT Working Papers 2021-008, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    3. Ahn, Soojung & Steinbach, Sandro, 2023. "Agri-food trade resilience among food-deficit countries during the COVID-19 pandemic," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 26(3), January.
    4. Bossman, Ahmed & Agyei, Samuel Kwaku, 2022. "Interdependence structure of global commodity classes and African equity markets: A vector wavelet coherence analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    5. Cãlin Veghes & Andreea Strambu Dima, 2022. "Romanian Agri-Food Businesses and the European Green Deal: An Exploratory Approach," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 24(60), pages 508-508, April.
    6. Tong Li & Yanfen Wang & Lizhen Cui & Ranjay K. Singh & Hongdou Liu & Xiufang Song & Zhihong Xu & Xiaoyong Cui, 2023. "Exploring the evolving landscape of COVID-19 interfaced with livelihoods," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-12, December.

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