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Eco‐Schemes and Private Sustainability Initiatives: Creating Synergies

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  • Krijn Poppe
  • Hannah Koutstaal

Abstract

The eco‐schemes proposed by the European Commission for the new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have the potential to make agriculture more sustainable and climate smart. Based on Dutch policy advice we suggest basing the implementation on food systems thinking and to align public eco‐schemes with private initiatives. Dutch policy seeks to create a circular agricultural system by 2030. As such, policy measures must contribute towards ‘closing leakages in material flows, cutting emissions and reducing wastage of biomass throughout the whole food system’. This corresponds with the objectives of the new CAP. Member States can transfer budget from the basic income support to the eco‐schemes relatively easily, but the one year contracts proposed by the Commission would not ensure continuity for farmers. Farmers are incentivised first and foremost by markets and other food chain actors and it would therefore be more attractive to couple eco‐schemes with private labelling systems, via a common integrated points system with performance indicators. Providers of sustainability schemes could apply for equivalence with eco‐schemes. Farmers participating in an approved sustainability scheme would then, under the principle of compliance by default, automatically be given the possibility to take part in the equivalent eco‐scheme. Management and oversight of compliance would be the responsibility of the organisation offering the sustainability scheme. This would have the benefit of reducing administrative costs. Les éco‐dispositifs proposés par la Commission européenne pour la nouvelle politique agricole commune (PAC) ont le potentiel de rendre l'agriculture plus durable et plus intelligente face au climat. A partir de conseils formulés pour la politique néerlandaise, nous suggérons de fonder la mise en œuvre de ces dispositifs dans une perspective de système alimentaire et d'aligner les éco‐dispositifs publics sur les initiatives privées. La politique néerlandaise vise à créer un système agricole circulaire d'ici 2030. En tant que telles, les mesures gouvernementales doivent contribuer à « obturer les fuites dans les flux de matières, réduire les émissions et réduire le gaspillage de biomasse dans l'ensemble du système alimentaire ». Cela correspond aux objectifs de la nouvelle PAC. Les États membres peuvent transférer les fonds budgétaires attribués au soutien du revenu de base vers les éco‐dispositifs assez facilement, mais les contrats d'un an proposés par la Commission ne garantiraient pas de continuité pour les agriculteurs. Les agriculteurs s'orientent avant tout vers les marchés et d'autres acteurs de la chaîne alimentaire et il serait donc plus intéressant de coupler les éco‐dispositifs avec des systèmes d’étiquetage privés, via un système commun intégré à base de points, utilisant des indicateurs de performance. Les organisations offrant des dispositifs privés de durabilité pourraient demander l’équivalence avec des éco‐dispositifs. Les agriculteurs participant à un dispositif de durabilité approuvé auraient alors, en vertu du principe de conformité par défaut, automatiquement la possibilité de participer à l’éco‐dispositif équivalent. La gestion et la surveillance de la conformité relèveraient de la responsabilité de l'organisation offrant le dispositif de durabilité. Cela aurait l'avantage de réduire les coûts administratifs. Die von der Europäischen Kommission für die neue Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik (GAP) vorgeschlagenen „Eco‐Schemes” (Umweltleistungen bzw. Öko‐Regelungen in der 1. Säule) haben das Potenzial, die Landwirtschaft nachhaltiger und klimafreundlicher zu machen. Auf der Grundlage der niederländischen Politikberatung schlagen wir vor, die Umsetzung der Eco‐Schemes auf ein „Denken in Ernährungssystemen” zu gründen und die öffentlich geförderten Eco‐Schemes mit privaten Initiativen in Einklang zu bringen. Die niederländische Politik strebt die Schaffung eines landwirtschaftlichen Kreislaufsystems bis zum Jahr 2030 an. Als solche müssen politische Maßnahmen dazu beitragen, „Lecks in den Stoffströmen zu schließen, Emissionen zu vermindern und den Verlust an Biomasse im gesamten Ernährungssystem zu verringern”. Dies würde den Zielen der neuen GAP entsprechen. Die Mitgliedstaaten könnten relativ einfach Haushaltsmittel von den Beihilfen zur Einkommenssicherung auf die Eco‐Schemes übertragen. Allerdings würden die von der Kommission vorgeschlagenen Einjahresverträge den Landwirten und Landwirtinnen keine Kontinuität gewährleisten. Landwirte und Landwirtinnen werden in erster Linie von Märkten und anderen Handelnden in der Nahrungsmittelkette motiviert. Daher wäre es attraktiver, die Eco‐Schemes an private Kennzeichnungssysteme zu koppeln, und zwar über ein gemeinsames integriertes Punktesystem mit Leistungsindikatoren. Anbietende von Nachhaltigkeitssystemen könnten eine „Gleichwertigkeit” mit den Eco‐Schemes beantragen. Landwirte und Landwirtinnen, die sich an einem genehmigten Nachhaltigkeitsprogramm beteiligen, würden dann ‐ nach dem Prinzip der standardmäßigen Einhaltung ‐ automatisch die Möglichkeit erhalten, an den entsprechenden Eco‐Schemes teilzunehmen. Das Management und die Überwachung der Einhaltung von Vorschriften würden in die Verantwortung der Organisation fallen, die das Nachhaltigkeitsprogramm anbietet. Dies hätte den Vorteil, dass Verwaltungskosten reduziert werden können.

Suggested Citation

  • Krijn Poppe & Hannah Koutstaal, 2020. "Eco‐Schemes and Private Sustainability Initiatives: Creating Synergies," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 19(1), pages 36-40, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:19:y:2020:i:1:p:36-40
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12250
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. François J Dessart & Jesús Barreiro-Hurlé & René van Bavel, 2019. "Behavioural factors affecting the adoption of sustainable farming practices: a policy-oriented review," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 46(3), pages 417-471.
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