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Ecosystem impacts of pesticide reductions through Bt cotton adoption

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  • Prakashan Chellattan Veettil
  • Vijesh V. Krishna
  • Matin Qaim

Abstract

This article examines the ecosystem impacts of transgenic Bt cotton technology resulting from reduced chemical pesticide use. Employing unique panel data from smallholder farmers in India, negative environmental and health effects of pesticide use are quantified with the environmental impact quotient (EIQ), with and without Bt technology. An environmentally sensitive dynamic production function is estimated, treating the environmental risk of pesticide toxicity as an undesirable output in the production process. Negative externalities are significantly lower in Bt than in conventional cotton. The reduction in EIQ through Bt technology adoption has increased from 39 per cent during 2002–2004 to 68 per cent during 2006–2008. Bt adoption has also contributed to higher environmental efficiency. Environmental efficiency is influenced by the quality of Bt technology: high-quality Bt seeds are associated with higher environmental efficiency than lower-quality seeds.
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Suggested Citation

  • Prakashan Chellattan Veettil & Vijesh V. Krishna & Matin Qaim, 2017. "Ecosystem impacts of pesticide reductions through Bt cotton adoption," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 61(1), pages 115-134, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:ajarec:v:61:y:2017:i:1:p:115-134
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/1467-8489.12171
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    Cited by:

    1. Issahaku, Gazali & Abdulai, Awudu, 2020. "Adoption of climate-smart practices and its impact on farm performance and risk exposure among smallholder farmers in Ghana," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 64(2), April.
    2. Matin Qaim, 2020. "Role of New Plant Breeding Technologies for Food Security and Sustainable Agricultural Development," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 42(2), pages 129-150, June.
    3. Lan Tran & Theodoros Skevas & Laura McCann, 2023. "Measuring pesticide overuse and its determinants: Evidence from Vietnamese rice and fruit farms," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 67(3), pages 417-437, July.
    4. Zhengjun Guan & Wei Wei & Yanlin Huo & C. Neal Stewart & Zhixi Tang, 2024. "Dynamics of Cry1Ac protein and soil enzyme activity in the rhizosphere of transgenic Bt oilseed rape," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 70(9), pages 580-589.
    5. Bola Amoke Awotide & Adebayo Ogunniyi & Kehinde Oluseyi Olagunju & Lateef Olalekan Bello & Amadou Youssouf Coulibaly & Alexander Nimo Wiredu & Bourémo Kone & Aly Ahamadou & Victor Manyong & Tahirou Ab, 2022. "Evaluating the Heterogeneous Impacts of Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Technologies on Rural Households’ Welfare in Mali," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-16, November.
    6. Sellare, Jorge & Meemken, Eva-Marie & Qaim, Matin, 2020. "Fairtrade, Agrochemical Input Use, and Effects on Human Health and the Environment," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).

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