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Compiling the balance of payments: a statistical mission at the Banque de France since 1945
[Établir la balance des paiements : une mission statistique à la Banque de France depuis 1945]

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  • Le Gallo Florian

Abstract

Compiling the balance of payments is a “fundamental mission” for the Banque de France under the terms of the 2007 Arthuis law. The aim is, on the one hand, to present a picture of real and financial transactions between France and foreign countries, and, on the other hand, to use these statistics to identify the corresponding balances or imbalances and, from there, their source of financing. Since France published its first official balance of payments in 1945, the tension between these two dimensions has been constantly moving. Depending on developments in national and international economic conditions, the balance of payments has swayed between affirmation of the purpose of these public statistics as objective economic information and the primacy of its foreign exchange and monetary policy purpose. This article looks at the choices that have led to the compilation of the balance of payments in its present form from the point of view of a “history of statistical reasoning” as envisaged by Alain Desrosières. L’établissement de la balance des paiements constitue une « mission fondamentale » de la Banque de France selon les termes de la loi Arthuis de 2007. S’il s’agit, d’une part, de rendre compte des transactions réelles et financières entre la France et l’étranger, ces statistiques permettent d’identifier, d’autre part, les équilibres ou déséquilibres correspondants et, partant, leur source de financement. Depuis la première balance officielle de la France en 1945, la tension entre ces deux dimensions prend des formes mouvantes. Suivant l’évolution du contexte économique national et international, la balance des paiements oscille ainsi entre affirmation de la dimension d’information économique objective de cette statistique publique et primauté de l’objectif de politique monétaire et de change. Cet article retrace les choix ayant conduit à l’élaboration de la balance des paiements actuelle, dans la perspective d’une « histoire de la raison statistique » telle qu’envisagée par Alain Desrosières.

Suggested Citation

  • Le Gallo Florian, 2021. "Compiling the balance of payments: a statistical mission at the Banque de France since 1945 [Établir la balance des paiements : une mission statistique à la Banque de France depuis 1945]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 238.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2021:238:05
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eric Monnet, 2018. "Controlling Credit. Central Banking and the Planned Economy in Postwar France, 1948–1973," Post-Print halshs-02921743, HAL.
    2. Étienne Kintzler & Mathias Lé & Kevin Parra Ramirez, 2019. "Capturing banking flows: The predominant role of OFCs in the international financial architecture," Débats économiques et financiers 34, Banque de France.
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