IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bfr/bullbf/202023101.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Shocks and wage adjustments
[Chocs économiques et ajustements salariaux]

Author

Listed:
  • Berson Clémence

Abstract

Economic research – How did European companies react to the demand shock during the European sovereign debt crisis? This article attempts to answer this question using two recent studies based on company survey data from 25 European Union countries over the 2010-13 period. The main results of these studies are that firms face downward nominal base wage rigidities, which increase lay-offs when firms have to adjust to a negative demand shock. Moreover, firms preferably use non-base wage components whenever possible, which highlights their role as a shock absorber during this period. The lockdown adopted in almost all European countries due to the Covid-19 pandemic triggered both a demand shock and a supply shock. Consequently, the relationship between employment and wages may be different to what we observed in 2013 for a demand shock. De quelle façon les entreprises européennes ont-elles réagi au choc de demande lors de la crise européenne de la dette souveraine ? C’est la question à laquelle le présent article tente de répondre, en s’appuyant sur deux études récentes utilisant une enquête menée auprès d’entreprises de 25 pays de l’Union européenne et portant sur la période 2010-2013. Il ressort principalement de ces études que les entreprises sont confrontées à des rigidités à la baisse des salaires de base nominaux, avec pour corollaire une augmentation des licenciements lors d’un choc de demande négatif. En outre, les entreprises préfèrent généralement adapter les composantes variables des salaires lorsque cela est possible, ce qui confère à celles-ci le rôle d’amortisseur pendant cette période. Le confinement instauré dans quasiment tous les pays européens face à la pandémie de Covid-19 a provoqué simultanément un choc de demande et un choc d’offre. En conséquence, la relation entre l’emploi et les salaires pourrait être différente de celle observée en 2013 en présence d’un seul choc de demande.

Suggested Citation

  • Berson Clémence, 2020. "Shocks and wage adjustments [Chocs économiques et ajustements salariaux]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 231.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2020:231:01
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://publications.banque-france.fr/sites/default/files/medias/documents/shocks_and_wage_adjustments.pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://publications.banque-france.fr/sites/default/files/medias/documents/bdf231-1_wdn_chocs-eco-salaires.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mario Izquierdo & Juan Francisco Jimeno & Theodora Kosma & Ana Lamo & Stephen Millard & Tairi Rõõm & Eliana Viviano, 2017. "Labour market adjustment in Europe during the crisis: microeconomic evidence from the Wage Dynamics Network survey," Occasional Papers 1704, Banco de España.
    2. Philip Du Caju & Theodora Kosma & Martina Lawless & Julian Messina & Tairi Rõõm, 2013. "Why firms avoid cutting wages: Survey evidence from European firms," Working Paper Research 251, National Bank of Belgium.
    3. Joseph E. Stiglitz, 1974. "Alternative Theories of Wage Determination and Unemployment in LDC's: The Labor Turnover Model," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 88(2), pages 194-227.
    4. Marotzke Petra & Anderton Robert & Bairrao Ana & Berson Clémence & Tóth Peter, 2020. "Asymmetric wage adjustment and employment in European firms," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 20(2), pages 1-25, June.
    5. Solow, Robert M., 1979. "Another possible source of wage stickiness," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 79-82.
    6. Philip Du Caju & Theodora Kosma & Martina Lawless & Julián Messina & Tairi Rõõm, 2015. "Why Firms Avoid Cutting Wages," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 68(4), pages 862-888, August.
    7. Christian Dustmann & Bernd Fitzenberger & Uta Sch?nberg & Alexandra Spitz-Oener, 2014. "From Sick Man of Europe to Economic Superstar: Germany's Resurgent Economy," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 28(1), pages 167-188, Winter.
    8. Petra Marotzke & Robert Anderton & Ana Bairrao & Clémence Berson & Peter Tóth, 2016. "Wage adjustment and employment in Europe," Discussion Papers 2016-19, University of Nottingham, GEP.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marotzke Petra & Anderton Robert & Bairrao Ana & Berson Clémence & Tóth Peter, 2020. "Asymmetric wage adjustment and employment in European firms," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 20(2), pages 1-25, June.
    2. Petra Marotzke & Robert Anderton & Ana Bairrao & Clémence Berson & Peter Tóth, 2016. "Wage adjustment and employment in Europe," Discussion Papers 2016-19, University of Nottingham, GEP.
    3. repec:bfr:quarte:2016:45:03 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Jan Babecký & Clémence Berson & Ludmila Fadejeva & Ana Lamo & Petra Marotzke & Fernando Martins & Pawel Strzelecki, 2019. "Non-base wage components as a source of wage adaptability to shocks: evidence from European firms, 2010–2013," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-18, December.
    5. Berson, C. & Malgouyres, C. & Ray, S., 2017. "Marché du travail : institutions et réformes - Synthèse de la cinquième conférence annuelle sur le marché du travail des 1er et 2 décembre 2016 organisée à Aix-en-Provence par l’École d’économie d’Aix," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 210, pages 71-78.
    6. repec:bfr:quarte:2016:45:05 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Poeschel, Friedrich, 2018. "Why do employers not pay less than advertised? Directed search and the Diamond paradox," MPRA Paper 87920, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. repec:bfr:quarte:2016:45:04 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Peter Toth & Katarina Valkova, 2015. "Wage Rigidities and Jobless Recovery in Slovakia: New Survey Evidence," Working and Discussion Papers OP 3/2015, Research Department, National Bank of Slovakia.
    10. Alexander V. Larin, 2014. "Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity: Unions’ Merit Or Firms’ Foresight?," HSE Working papers WP BRP 86/EC/2014, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    11. repec:bfr:quarte:2016:45:06 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Kerndler, Martin, 2019. "Size and persistence matter: Wage and employment insurance at the micro level," ECON WPS - Working Papers in Economic Theory and Policy 04/2019, TU Wien, Institute of Statistics and Mathematical Methods in Economics, Economics Research Unit.
    13. C. Devillers & K. Parra Ramirez, 2017. "French Banks confirm their fourth rank in international banking," Quarterly selection of articles - Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 45, pages 31-44, Spring.
    14. Boris Hirsch & Thomas Zwick, 2015. "How Selective Are Real Wage Cuts? A Micro-analysis Using Linked Employer–Employee Data," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 29(4), pages 327-347, December.
    15. B. Bureau & M. Bürker & T. Libert, 2017. "The financial situation of companies in France in 2015," Quarterly selection of articles - Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 45, pages 53-69, Spring.
    16. Fongoni, Marco & Dickson, Alex, 2015. "A Theory of Wage Setting Behavior," 2007 Annual Meeting, July 29-August 1, 2007, Portland, Oregon TN 2015-57, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    17. repec:bfr:quarte:2016:45:02 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. A. Lalliard, 2017. "An alternative method for capturing tensions in the residential property market," Quarterly selection of articles - Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 45, pages 5-13, Spring.
    19. Marco Fongoni & Alex Dickson, 2015. "A theory of wage setting behavior," Working Papers 1505, University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics, revised Feb 2016.
    20. repec:bfr:quarte:2016:45:01 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. W. Arrata & A. Gautier & P. Lopez & I. Rahmouni-Rousseau & M. Girotti & B. Mojon & U. Szczerbowicz & M. Vari & T. Foucault, 2017. "12th Annual Central Bank Workshop on the Microstructure of Financial Markets 29-30 September 2016, Banque de France (Non-technical summary)," Quarterly selection of articles - Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 45, pages 23-30, Spring.
    22. L. Ferrara & G. Gauthier & F. Pappadà, 2017. "Fiscal consolidation episodes in OECD countries: the role of tax compliance and fiscal space," Quarterly selection of articles - Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 45, pages 15-22, Spring.
    23. Luca Gambetti & Julián Messina, 2018. "Evolving Wage Cyclicality in Latin America," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 32(3), pages 709-726.
    24. Matthias Efing & Harald Hau & Patrick Kampkötter & Jean-Charles Rochet, 2023. "Bank Bonus Pay as a Risk Sharing Contract," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 36(1), pages 235-280.
    25. Elias Dinopoulos & Laixun Zhao, 2007. "Child Labor and Globalization," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 25(3), pages 553-579.
    26. Goldsmith, Arthur H. & Veum, Jonathan R. & Darity, William Jr., 2000. "Working hard for the money? Efficiency wages and worker effort," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 351-385, August.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General
    • J32 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2020:231:01. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Michael brassart (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/bdfgvfr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.