Applying behavioural science to government policy: Finding the 'Goldilocks Zone'

Using behavioural and social science to inform government policy has the potential to benefit society - provided good scientific practice is adopted. We argue that there are threats to scientific practice in the current Behavioural Insights environment that potentially undermine the validity and usefulness of such work. We discuss what constitutes good science and why this is important, and examine threats to scientific practice from the perspective of scientists conducting experiments on policy initiatives. We aim to assist researchers, governments and policy makers identify conditions where the fit between science and government policy is 'just right' (i.e., the 'Goldilocks Zone'). We discuss potential pathways for developing appropriate infrastructure and procedures to achieve this goal. In particular, we suggest that the early engagement of all parties is necessary to ensure projects incorporate sound science and deliver societal benefit.