IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v8y2024i11p2599-2619.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Extended Interactive Theory of Planned Behavior (EITPB) and its Influence on Retirement Savings Patterns among Civil Servants in Malaysia

Author

Listed:
  • Attia Azarina Amirludin

    (Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Shah Alam, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia,)

  • Mohamad Nizam Jaafar

    (Arshad Ayub Graduate Business School, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia,)

  • Sylvia Nabila Azwa Ambad

    (Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Sabah, 88997 Kampus Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia;)

Abstract

Retirement savings behavior (RSB) represents a crucial concern, given that many civil servants in Malaysia encounter challenges in maintaining sufficient savings for their retirement. The key aim of the investigation is to analyze the Extended Interactive Theory of Planned Behavior (EITPB), the determinants of Attitude Towards Retirement Savings (ATRS)— Financial Risk Tolerance (FRT) and Past Behaviors (PB)—and Subjective Norms (SN). These psychological components are juxtaposed with financial elements, such as Matching Contributions (MC), to grasp their effects on RSB. The examination looks into the moderating effects of Perceived Government Policy (PGP) and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), covering their predecessors, Financial Literacy (FL) and Self-Control (SC), on the association between these independent variables and RSB. Data were collected from the targeted sample of civil servants using a qualitative method through structured surveys. The findings revealed that personal financial attributes and structural supports, such as matching contributions and supportive policies, are significant in fostering positive retirement savings behaviors. Future research is suggested to investigate other variables, such as replacement rate and dividend on savings that could increase retirement savings behavior among civil servants in Malaysia. Future studies could also extend the scope of the current research by investigating diverse populations beyond Malaysian civil servants, such as private sector employees, self-employed individuals, or retirees. Exploring the role of emerging digital financial tools in enhancing financial literacy and self-control also represents a promising area for future investigation. The study concludes that perceived government policies and perceived behavioral control, supported by financial literacy and self-control, further modulate these associations, implying that targeted interventions could enrich retirement savings behaviors among public servants in Malaysia.

Suggested Citation

  • Attia Azarina Amirludin & Mohamad Nizam Jaafar & Sylvia Nabila Azwa Ambad, 2024. "Extended Interactive Theory of Planned Behavior (EITPB) and its Influence on Retirement Savings Patterns among Civil Servants in Malaysia," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(11), pages 2599-2619, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:8:y:2024:i:11:p:2599-2619
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-8-issue-11/2599-2619.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/extended-interactive-theory-of-planned-behavior-eitpb-and-its-influence-on-retirement-savings-patterns-among-civil-servants-in-malaysia/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eren, Okan & Genç İleri, Şerife, 2022. "Life cycle analysis of savings accounts with matching contributions," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    2. Ahmad Saleh Ghadwan & Wan Marhaini Wan Ahmad & Mohamed Hisham Hanifa, 2023. "Financial Planning for Retirement: The Moderating Role of Government Policy," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440231, June.
    3. Atmaningrum, Siska & Kanto, Dwi Sunu & Kisman, Zainul & Institute of Research, Asian, 2021. "Investment Decisions: The Results of Knowledge, Income, and Self-Control," OSF Preprints k4dzs, Center for Open Science.
    4. James J. Choi & David Laibson & Brigitte C. Madrian & Andrew Metrick, 2004. "For Better or for Worse: Default Effects and 401(k) Savings Behavior," NBER Chapters, in: Perspectives on the Economics of Aging, pages 81-126, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Emmanuel Saez, 2009. "Details Matter: The Impact of Presentation and Information on the Take-Up of Financial Incentives for Retirement Saving," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 1(1), pages 204-228, February.
    6. Sadettin Haluk Citci & Halit Yanikkaya, 2023. "The Impacts of Matching Contributions on Retirement Savings: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in Turkey," Working Papers 2022-02, Gebze Technical University, Department of Economics.
    7. Marek Kośny & Radosław Kurach & Paweł Kuśmierczyk, 2024. "In state we trust: Evidence from Poland on why we undersave for retirement," Eastern European Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 62(3), pages 294-316, May.
    8. Alison Preston & Robert E. Wright, 2023. "Gender, Financial Literacy and Pension Savings," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 99(324), pages 58-83, March.
    9. Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih & Ibrahim A. Elshaer, 2023. "Risk-Taking, Financial Knowledge, and Risky Investment Intention: Expanding Theory of Planned Behavior Using a Moderating-Mediating Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-17, January.
    10. Sulka, Tomasz, 2023. "Planning and saving for retirement," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    11. Tomar, Sweta & Kent Baker, H. & Kumar, Satish & Hoffmann, Arvid O.I., 2021. "Psychological determinants of retirement financial planning behavior," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 432-449.
    12. Shirley Tan & Kuppusamy Singaravelloo, 2020. "Financial Literacy and Retirement Planning among Government Officers in Malaysia," International Journal of Public Administration, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(6), pages 486-498, April.
    13. Cheung, Yan-Leung & Mak, Billy S.C. & Shu, Hao & Tan, Weiqiang, 2023. "Impact of financial investment on confidence in a happy future retirement," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    14. Halit Yanıkkaya & Zeynep Aktaş Koral & Sadettin Haluk Çitçi, 2023. "The Power of Financial Incentives versus the Power of Suggestion for Individual Pension: Are Financial Incentives or Automatic Enrollment Policies More Effective?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-18, February.
    15. Hyll, Walter & Irrek, Maike, 2015. "The Impact of Risk Attitudes on Financial Investments," IWH Discussion Papers 10/2015, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    16. Sadiq, Muhammad Nauman & Akhtar, Muhammad, 2019. "The Relationship of Investor’s Demographic Traits and Personality Type with Financial Risk Tolerance in Investment Decisions," Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business, Sukkur IBA University, vol. 6(1), pages 87-107, Jan-June.
    17. Ihsan Ullah Jan & Seonggoo Ji & Chankoo Yeo, 2019. "Values and Green Product Purchase Behavior: The Moderating Effects of the Role of Government and Media Exposure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-16, November.
    18. Asyraf Afthanorhan & Abdullah Al Mamun & Noor Raihani Zainol & Hazimi Foziah & Zainudin Awang, 2020. "Framing the Retirement Planning Behavior Model towards Sustainable Wellbeing among Youth: The Moderating Effect of Public Profiles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-24, October.
    19. Van de Venter, Gerhard & Michayluk, David & Davey, Geoff, 2012. "A longitudinal study of financial risk tolerance," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 794-800.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang, Qianqian & Ye, Zihan & Zhou, Haizhen & Mo, Weiqiao, 2024. "Rely on whom you trust? Trust and financial planning for retirement," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PA).
    2. Fuzhong Chen & Yingchao Fan & Guohai Jiang & Jinwei Chen, 2024. "How Overconfident Financial Knowledge Hinders Retirement Planning? Mediating Analysis and Heterogeneity of Retirement Funding Sources," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(2), pages 21582440241, April.
    3. Cheung, Yan-Leung & Mak, Billy S.C. & Shu, Hao & Tan, Weiqiang, 2023. "Impact of financial investment on confidence in a happy future retirement," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    4. Shallu Saini & Tejinder Sharma & Satyanarayana Parayitam, 2024. "The Relationship Between Financial Knowledge, Investment Strategy and Satisfaction From Pension Schemes: Evidence From India," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 31(1), pages 101-135, March.
    5. Asen Ivanov, 2021. "Optimal pension plan default policies when employees are biased," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 23(3), pages 583-596, June.
    6. Mitchell, O.S. & Piggott, J., 2016. "Workplace-Linked Pensions for an Aging Demographic," Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging, in: Piggott, John & Woodland, Alan (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 865-904, Elsevier.
    7. Damgaard, Mette Trier & Nielsen, Helena Skyt, 2018. "Nudging in education," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 313-342.
    8. Goda, Gopi Shah & Levy, Matthew R. & Flaherty Manchester, Colleen & Sojourner, Aaron & Tasoff, Joshua & Xiao, Jiusi, 2023. "Are retirement planning tools substitutes or complements to financial capability?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 561-573.
    9. Rongda Chen & Jingjing Yu & Chenglu Jin & Xinyang Chen & Liu Yang & Shuonan Zhang, 2024. "Political connection and credit risk of real estate enterprises: evidence from stock market," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
    10. Alicia H. Munnell & Francesca Golub-Sass & Dan Muldoon, 2009. "An Update on 401(k) Plans: Insights From the 2007 SCF," Issues in Brief ib2009-9-5, Center for Retirement Research, revised Mar 2009.
    11. Floyd Khoza, 2025. "Mineworkers’ Perspectives Towards Participating in Retirement Planning in South Africa," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-19, January.
    12. Silverman, Dan & Slemrod, Joel & Uler, Neslihan, 2014. "Distinguishing the role of authority “in” and authority “to”," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 32-42.
    13. Jeff Dominitz & Angela Hung, 2006. "Retirement Savings Portfolio Management," Working Papers wp138, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center.
    14. Rauh, Joshua D. & Stefanescu, Irina & Zeldes, Stephen P., 2020. "Cost saving and the freezing of corporate pension plans," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    15. Laurent E. Calvet & John Y. Campbell & Paolo Sodini, 2007. "Down or Out: Assessing the Welfare Costs of Household Investment Mistakes," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 115(5), pages 707-747, October.
    16. Malmendier, Ulrike M. & Della Vigna, Stefano, 2002. "Overestimating Self-Control: Evidence from the Health Club Industry," Research Papers 1880, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    17. John Beshears & James J. Choi & David Laibson & Brigitte C. Madrian & William L. Skimmyhorn, 2022. "Borrowing to Save? The Impact of Automatic Enrollment on Debt," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(1), pages 403-447, February.
    18. Gary V. Engelhardt & Anil Kumar, 2007. "Employer Matching and 401(k) Saving: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study," NBER Chapters, in: Public Policy and Retirement, Trans-Atlantic Public Economics Seminar (TAPES), pages 1920-1943, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Atalay, Kadir & Bakhtiar, Fayzan & Cheung, Stephen & Slonim, Robert, 2014. "Savings and prize-linked savings accounts," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 107(PA), pages 86-106.
    20. Bastani, Spencer & Giebe, Thomas & Miao, Chizheng, 2020. "Ethnicity and tax filing behavior," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:8:y:2024:i:11:p:2599-2619. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pawan Verma (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.