IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v6y2022i7p110-119.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

External Economic Shocks and Monetary Policy Tools in Nigeria

Author

Listed:
  • Terungwa Paul Joseph Jato, Ph.D

    (Department of Business Administration, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.)

  • Joyce Mbakosun Ayaga

    (Department of Economics and Development Studies, Federal University of Keshere, Gombe.)

Abstract

The study investigated the effect of external economic shocks on monetary policy tools in Nigeria for a period of 1990 to 2020. External economic shocks were measured though their passthrough variables of exchange rate (EXR), foreign direct investment (FDI), external debt (ED), and trade openness (TO); while monetary policy tools were considered in terms of broad money supply (M2), monetary policy rate (MPR) and cash reserve ratio (CRR). The Zivot and Andrews test and the Bayer and Hanck combined cointegration tests were employed to to check for stationarity (with structural breaks) and cointegration among the variables. We then applied the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) test to determine the effect of the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The results of the structural indicated that there are structural breaks accounting for the existence of shocks, while the cointegration test showed that the variables are cointegrated. The ARDL test disclosed that external economic shocks (through EXR, FDI, ED, and TO) have significant effect on monetary policy variables. This study therefore recommends that the monetary authorities should safeguard the monetary operations in Nigeria from external economic mishaps that have spillover to the country by making allowance for the external economic shocks in setting these tools and putting in place mechanisms that can make these tools resilient and resistant to the shocks

Suggested Citation

  • Terungwa Paul Joseph Jato, Ph.D & Joyce Mbakosun Ayaga, 2022. "External Economic Shocks and Monetary Policy Tools in Nigeria," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 6(7), pages 110-119, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:6:y:2022:i:7:p:110-119
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-6-issue-7/110-119.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/virtual-library/papers/external-economic-shocks-and-monetary-policy-tools-in-nigeria/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Backus, David K & Kehoe, Patrick J & Kydland, Finn E, 1994. "Dynamics of the Trade Balance and the Terms of Trade: The J-Curve?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 84(1), pages 84-103, March.
    2. Christian Bayer & Christoph Hanck, 2013. "Combining non-cointegration tests," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(1), pages 83-95, January.
    3. Ozler, Sule & Rodrik, Dani, 1992. "External shocks, politics and private investment : Some theory and empirical evidence," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 141-162, July.
    4. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    5. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    6. Backus, David K & Kehoe, Patrick J & Kydland, Finn E, 1992. "International Real Business Cycles," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 100(4), pages 745-775, August.
    7. David K. Backus & Patrick J. Kehoe & Finn E. Kydland, 1992. "Dynamics of the trade balance and the terms of trade: the J-curve revisited," Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics 65, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
    8. S. S. Abere & T. O. Akinbobola, 2020. "External Shocks, Institutional Quality, and Macroeconomic Performance in Nigeria," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(2), pages 21582440209, May.
    9. Lukman Oyeyinka Oyelami & P.A. Olomola, 2016. "External shocks and macroeconomic responses in Nigeria: A global VAR approach," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 1239317-123, December.
    10. Anindya Banerjee & Juan Dolado & Ricardo Mestre, 1998. "Error‐correction Mechanism Tests for Cointegration in a Single‐equation Framework," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 19(3), pages 267-283, May.
    11. BigBen Chukwuma Ogbonna, 2016. "Inflation, exchange rate and efficacy of monetary policy in Nigeria: The empirical evidence," Academicus International Scientific Journal, Entrepreneurship Training Center Albania, issue 13, pages 40-53, January.
    12. Ebenezer Gbenga Olamide & Andrew Maredza, 2019. "A dynamic regression panel approach to the determinants of monetary policy and economic growth," African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 10(3), pages 385-399, July.
    13. Zimmermann, Christian, 1997. "International real business cycles among heterogeneous countries," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 319-356, February.
    14. Zivot, Eric & Andrews, Donald W K, 2002. "Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil-Price Shock, and the Unit-Root Hypothesis," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 25-44, January.
    15. UFOEZE, Lawrence Olisaemeka, 2018. "Effect Of Monetary Policy On Economic Growth In Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation," Annals of Spiru Haret University, Economic Series, Universitatea Spiru Haret, vol. 9(1), pages 123-140.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Solomon P. Nathaniel & Festus V. Bekun, 2020. "Electricity Consumption, Urbanization and Economic Growth in Nigeria: New Insights from Combined Cointegration amidst Structural Breaks," Research Africa Network Working Papers 20/013, Research Africa Network (RAN).
    2. Muhammad Shahbaz & Hrushikesh Mallick & Mantu Kumar Mahalik & Shawkat Hammoudeh, 2018. "Is globalization detrimental to financial development? Further evidence from a very large emerging economy with significant orientation towards policies," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(6), pages 574-595, February.
    3. Yongliang Zhang & Md. Qamruzzaman & Salma Karim & Ishrat Jahan, 2021. "Nexus between Economic Policy Uncertainty and Renewable Energy Consumption in BRIC Nations: The Mediating Role of Foreign Direct Investment and Financial Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-29, August.
    4. Ahmed Samour & Omar Ikbal Tawfik & Magdalena Radulescu & Cristina Florentina Baldan, 2023. "Do Oil Price, Renewable Energy, and Financial Development Matter for Environmental Quality in Oman? Novel Insights from Augmented ARDL Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-14, June.
    5. Hrushikesh Mallick & Mantu Kumar Mahalik & Hemachandra Padhan, 2020. "Does globalization exacerbate income inequality in two largest emerging economies? The role of FDI and remittances inflows," International Review of Economics, Springer;Happiness Economics and Interpersonal Relations (HEIRS), vol. 67(4), pages 443-480, December.
    6. Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa & Inekwe, John & Ivanovski, Kris & Smyth, Russell, 2019. "Dynamics of oil price, precious metal prices and the exchange rate in the long-run," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    7. Hemachandra Padhan & Deepak Kumar Behera & Santosh Kumar Sahu & Umakant Dash, 2023. "Does Corruption Hinderance Economic Growth Despite Surge of Remittance and Capital Inflows Since Economic Liberalization in an Emerging Economy, India," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(1), pages 426-449, March.
    8. Mary Oluwatoyin Agboola, 2021. "Female Labour Force Participation in Saudi Arabia and its Determinants," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1, pages 135-152.
    9. Bilas, Vlatka, 2019. "Foreign Direct Investment And Economic Growth Relationship In Croatia," UTMS Journal of Economics, University of Tourism and Management, Skopje, Macedonia, vol. 10(2), pages 175-187.
    10. Agboola, Mary Oluwatoyin, 2021. "Female Labour Force Participation in Saudi Arabia and its Determinants," Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics, Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie / SGH Warsaw School of Economics, vol. 2021(1), March.
    11. Md. Qamruzzaman, 2023. "Does Environmental Degradation-Led Remittances Flow? Nexus between Environmental Degradation, Uncertainty, Financial Inclusion and Remittances Inflows in India and China," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(2), pages 9-26, March.
    12. Kingsley Imandojemu & Bosede Ngozi Adeleye & Babatunde Aina, 2023. "Monetary Policy And Economic Growth In Nigeria: Evidence From Bounds And Bayer-Hanck Cointegration Techniques," Economic Annals, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, vol. 68(236), pages 81-103, January –.
    13. Nathaniel Solomon Prince, 2021. "Natural Resources, Urbanisation, Economic Growth and the Ecological Footprint in South Africa: The Moderating Role of Human Capital," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 40(2), pages 63-76, June.
    14. Li Chunling & Javed Ahmed Memon & Tiep Le Thanh & Minhaj Ali & Dervis Kirikkaleli, 2021. "The Impact of Public-Private Partnership Investment in Energy and Technological Innovation on Ecological Footprint: The Case of Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-16, September.
    15. Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel & Bekun, Festus Victor & Etokakpan, Mfonobong Udom & Driha, Oana M., 2019. "A road to enhancements in natural gas use in Iran: A multivariate modelling approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    16. Yu Huan & Md. Qamruzzaman, 2022. "Innovation-Led FDI Sustainability: Clarifying the Nexus between Financial Innovation, Technological Innovation, Environmental Innovation, and FDI in the BRIC Nations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-26, November.
    17. Husam Rjoub & Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan & Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo & Wing-Keung Wong, 2021. "Sustainability of the Moderating Role of Financial Development in the Determinants of Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Turkey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.
    18. Solomon Prince Nathaniel & Festus Bekun & Alimshan Faizulayev, 2021. "Modelling the Impact of Energy Consumption, Natural Resources, and Urbanization on Ecological Footprint in South Africa: Assessing the Moderating Role of Human Capital," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(3), pages 130-139.
    19. Mohammed Abumunshar & Mehmet Aga & Ahmed Samour, 2020. "Oil Price, Energy Consumption, and CO 2 Emissions in Turkey. New Evidence from a Bootstrap ARDL Test," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-15, October.
    20. Muhammad Shahbaz & Ronald Ravinesh Kumar & Stanislav Ivanov & Nanthakumar Loganathan, 2017. "The nexus between tourism demand and output per capita with the relative importance of trade openness and financial development," Tourism Economics, , vol. 23(1), pages 168-186, February.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:6:y:2022:i:7:p:110-119. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pawan Verma (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.