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Unexploded ordnance contamination and household livelihood choice in rural Vietnam

Author

Listed:
  • Thuy Ngoc Nguyen

    (University of Economics and Business, Hanoi, Vietnam)

  • Tuyen Quang Tran

    (Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam)

  • Huong Van Vu

    (Thang Long Institute of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
    University of Economics and Business, Hanoi, Vietnam)

Abstract

Vietnam is a country that found itself at the center of the Indochina wars and was subjected to the most intense aerial bombing in history. However, little research has been done on the effect of unexploded ordnance (UXO) contamination on household livelihoods in rural Vietnam. In this paper, we investigate the contaminating effect of unexploded ordnance on households. Livelihood choices are classified by cluster analysis techniques, and unexploded ordnance contamination is measured at the district level by the proportion of land at risk from unexploded bombs and mines. We examine the effect of UXO contamination on livelihood choices using a multinomial logit model, controlling for various important household and regional level characteristics. It was found that households in districts with greater contamination were less likely to adopt a formal wage-earning livelihood, characterized by higher income and less poverty, than they were to engage in an agricultural livelihood. This suggests that the Indochina wars have had a long-running effect, reducing the likelihood of non-farm diversification, which in turn diminishes economic well-being among rural households in Vietnam.

Suggested Citation

  • Thuy Ngoc Nguyen & Tuyen Quang Tran & Huong Van Vu, 2022. "Unexploded ordnance contamination and household livelihood choice in rural Vietnam," Russian Journal of Economics, ARPHA Platform, vol. 8(3), pages 276-294, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:arh:jrujec:v:8:y:2022:i:3:p:276-294
    DOI: 10.32609/j.ruje.8.79738
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Train,Kenneth E., 2009. "Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521766555, September.
    2. Frank Ellis, 2000. "The Determinants of Rural Livelihood Diversification in Developing Countries," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(2), pages 289-302, May.
    3. Ellis, Frank, 2000. "Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198296966.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    contaminated land unexploded ordnance contamination rural livelihood rural Vietnam Vietnam War;

    JEL classification:

    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • N45 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - Asia including Middle East
    • N55 - Economic History - - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Extractive Industries - - - Asia including Middle East
    • Q12 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
    • Q15 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment

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