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Heat wave morbidity and mortality, Milwaukee, Wis, 1999 vs 1995: An improved response?

Author

Listed:
  • Weisskopf, M.G.
  • Anderson, H.A.
  • Foldy, S.
  • Hanrahan, L.P.
  • Blair, K.
  • Török, T.J.
  • Rumm, P.D.

Abstract

Objectives. This study examined whether differences in heat alone, as opposed to public health interventions or other factors, accounted for the reduction in heat-related deaths and paramedic emergency medical service (EMS) runs between 1995 and 1999 during 2 heat waves occurring in Milwaukee, Wis. Methods. Two previously described prediction models were adapted to compare expected and observed heat-related morbidity and mortality in 1999 based on the city's 1995 experience. Results. Both models showed that heat-related deaths and EMS runs in 1999 were at least 49% lower than levels predicted by the 1995 relation between heat and heat-related deaths or EMS runs. Conclusions. Reductions in heat-related morbidity and mortality in 1999 were not attributable to differences in heat levels alone. Changes in public health preparedness and response may also have contributed to these reductions.

Suggested Citation

  • Weisskopf, M.G. & Anderson, H.A. & Foldy, S. & Hanrahan, L.P. & Blair, K. & Török, T.J. & Rumm, P.D., 2002. "Heat wave morbidity and mortality, Milwaukee, Wis, 1999 vs 1995: An improved response?," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(5), pages 830-833.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2002:92:5:830-833_6
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    Cited by:

    1. Michael Greenberg, 2013. "We Need Risk Communication and Perception Research Focused on Flood Risks for Senior Citizens," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 33(1), pages 52-53, January.
    2. Monteiro Ana & Carvalho Vânia & Velho Sara & Sousa Carlos, 2013. "The accuracy of the heat index to explain the excess of mortality and morbidity during heat waves – a case study in a mediterranean climate," Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, Sciendo, vol. 20(20), pages 71-84, June.
    3. Hübler, Michael & Klepper, Gernot & Peterson, Sonja, 2007. "Costs of climate change: The effects of rising temperatures on health and productivity," Kiel Working Papers 1321 [rev.], Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    4. Junzhe Bao & Xudong Li & Chuanhua Yu, 2015. "The Construction and Validation of the Heat Vulnerability Index, a Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-15, June.
    5. Christofer Åström & Daniel Oudin Åström & Camilla Andersson & Kristie L. Ebi & Bertil Forsberg, 2017. "Vulnerability Reduction Needed to Maintain Current Burdens of Heat-Related Mortality in a Changing Climate—Magnitude and Determinants," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-10, July.
    6. R Zehra Zaidi & Mark Pelling, 2015. "Institutionally configured risk: Assessing urban resilience and disaster risk reduction to heat wave risk in London," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(7), pages 1218-1233, May.
    7. Edward Vine, 2012. "Adaptation of California’s electricity sector to climate change," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 111(1), pages 75-99, March.
    8. Diane Bélanger & Pierre Gosselin & Pierre Valois & Belkacem Abdous, 2014. "Perceived Adverse Health Effects of Heat and Their Determinants in Deprived Neighbourhoods: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Nine Cities in Canada," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-26, October.
    9. Alberini, Anna & Chiabai, Aline, 2007. "Urban environmental health and sensitive populations: How much are the Italians willing to pay to reduce their risks?," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 239-258, March.
    10. Marie O’Neill & Dana Jackman & Michelle Wyman & Xico Manarolla & Carina Gronlund & Daniel Brown & Shannon Brines & Joel Schwartz & Ana Diez-Roux, 2010. "US local action on heat and health: are we prepared for climate change?," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 55(2), pages 105-112, April.
    11. Hee Jin Yang & Heeyeun Yoon, 2021. "Revealing an Integrative Mechanism of Cognition, Emotion, and Heat-Protective Action of Older Adults," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-12, March.
    12. Ghasem Toloo & Gerard FitzGerald & Peter Aitken & Kenneth Verrall & Shilu Tong, 2013. "Evaluating the effectiveness of heat warning systems: systematic review of epidemiological evidence," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(5), pages 667-681, October.
    13. Dannenberg, Astrid & Mennel, Tim & Osberghaus, Daniel & Sturm, Bodo, 2009. "The economics of adaptation to climate change: the case of Germany," ZEW Discussion Papers 09-057, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    14. Paola Michelozzi & Francesca K. De’ Donato & Anna Maria Bargagli & Daniela D’Ippoliti & Manuela De Sario & Claudia Marino & Patrizia Schifano & Giovanna Cappai & Michela Leone & Ursula Kirchmayer & Ma, 2010. "Surveillance of Summer Mortality and Preparedness to Reduce the Health Impact of Heat Waves in Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-18, May.
    15. Kate L. Bassil & Donald C. Cole, 2010. "Effectiveness of Public Health Interventions in Reducing Morbidity and Mortality during Heat Episodes: a Structured Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-11, March.
    16. Gerardo Sanchez Martinez & Chisato Imai & Kanako Masumo, 2011. "Local Heat Stroke Prevention Plans in Japan: Characteristics and Elements for Public Health Adaptation to Climate Change," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-19, December.

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