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Estimating the prevalence of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada: A research synthesis

Author

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  • Shaffer, H.J.
  • Hall, M.N.
  • Vander Bilt, J.

Abstract

Objectives. This study developed prevalence estimates of gambling- related disorders in the United States and Canada, identified differences in prevalence among population segments, and identified changes in prevalence over the past 20 years. Methods. A meta-analytic strategy was employed to synthesize estimates from 119 prevalence studies. This method produced more reliable prevalence rates than were available from any single study. Results. Prevalence estimates among samples of adolescents were significantly higher than estimates among samples of adults for both clinical (level 3) and subclinical (level 2) measures of disordered gambling within both lifetime and past-year time frames (e.g., 3.9% vs 1.6% for lifetime estimates of level 3 gambling). Among adults, prevalence estimates of disordered gambling have increased significantly during the past 20 years. Conclusions. Membership in youth, treatment, or prison population segments is significantly associated with experiencing gambling-related disorders. Understanding subclinical gamblers provides a meaningful opportunity to lower the public health burden associated with gambling disorders. Further research is necessary to determine whether the prevalence of disordered gambling will continue to increase among the general adult population and how prevalence among adolescents will change as this cohort ages.

Suggested Citation

  • Shaffer, H.J. & Hall, M.N. & Vander Bilt, J., 1999. "Estimating the prevalence of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada: A research synthesis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 89(9), pages 1369-1376.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1999:89:9:1369-1376_4
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    Cited by:

    1. Csilla Horváth & Andreas Günther & Richard Paap, 2010. "Seasonal patterns in slot-machine gambling in Germany," International Gambling Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(3), pages 255-268, December.
    2. Spivack, April J. & McKelvie, Alexander, 2021. "Measuring addiction to entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 15(C).
    3. Xiao Ma & Seung Hyun Kim & Sung S. Kim, 2014. "Online Gambling Behavior: The Impacts of Cumulative Outcomes, Recent Outcomes, and Prior Use," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 25(3), pages 511-527, September.
    4. Levy, Ori & Galili, Itai, 2008. "Stock purchase and the weather: Individual differences," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 67(3-4), pages 755-767, September.
    5. Kent R. Grote & Victor A. Matheson, 2014. "The Impact of State Lotteries and Casinos on State Bankruptcy Filings," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(1), pages 121-135, March.
    6. Lei, Guangyong & Qiu, Baoyin & Yu, Junli & Zuo, Jingjing, 2023. ""Hitting the jackpot" in corporate tax strategy: A perspective on gambling preferences," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    7. Andrew T Marshall & Kimberly Kirkpatrick, 2015. "Relative Gains, Losses, and Reference Points in Probabilistic Choice in Rats," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(2), pages 1-33, February.
    8. Prof.as.dr.Sonela Stillo & PhD.Cand. Gentisa Furxhi & Doc.Dr. Marinela Teneqexhi, 2017. "Innovation in International Business," European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Articles, Revistia Research and Publishing, vol. 2, ejms_v2_i.
    9. Kim, Yoojung & Lee, Wei-Na & Jung, Jong-Hyuok, 2013. "Changing the stakes: A content analysis of Internet gambling advertising in TV poker programs between 2006 and 2010," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(9), pages 1644-1650.
    10. Kyonghwa Kang & Jong Sun Ok & Hyeongsu Kim & Kun-Sei Lee, 2019. "The Gambling Factors Related with the Level of Adolescent Problem Gambler," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.
    11. Sheri Worthy & Jeffrey Jonkman & Lynn Blinn-Pike, 2010. "Sensation-Seeking, Risk-Taking, and Problematic Financial Behaviors of College Students," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 31(2), pages 161-170, June.
    12. Prentice, Catherine & Zeng, Zhonglu, 2018. "From gambling exposure to adaptation: Implications for casino sustainability," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 31-36.
    13. Mirella Yani-de-Soriano & Uzma Javed & Shumaila Yousafzai, 2012. "Can an Industry Be Socially Responsible If Its Products Harm Consumers? The Case of Online Gambling," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 110(4), pages 481-497, November.
    14. Mar Espadafor & Sergi Martínez, 2021. "The negative consequences of sports betting opportunities on human capital formation: Evidence from Spain," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(10), pages 1-20, October.
    15. Diana Moreira & Paulo Dias & Andreia Azeredo & Anabela Rodrigues & Ângela Leite, 2024. "A Systematic Review on Intervention Treatment in Pathological Gambling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(3), pages 1-20, March.
    16. Francesca Scandroglio & Giulia Ferrazzi & Alessia Giacobazzi & Vera Vinci & Mattia Marchi & Gian Maria Galeazzi & Alessandro Musetti & Luca Pingani, 2022. "Prevalence and Possible Predictors of Gambling Disorder in a Sample of Students in the Healthcare Professions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-13, December.

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