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The impact of ethnicity, family income, and parental education on children's health and use of health services

Author

Listed:
  • Flores, G.
  • Bauchner, H.
  • Feinstein, A.R.
  • Nguyen, U.-S.D.T.

Abstract

Objectives. This study characterized ethnic disparities for children in demographics, health status, and use of services; explored whether ethnic sub-groups (Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Mexican) have additional distinctive differences; and determined whether disparities are explained by differences in family income and parental education. Methods. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of data on 99 268 children from the 1989-91 National Health Interview. Surveys were conducted. Results. Native American, Black, and Hispanic children are poorest (35%-41% below poverty level vs 10% of Whites), least healthy (66%-74% in excellent or very good health vs 85% of Whites), and have the least well educated parents. Compared with Whites, non-White children average fewer doctor visits and are more likely to have excessive intervals between visits. Hispanic subgroup differences in demographics, health, and use of services equal or surpass differences among major ethnic groups. In multivariate analyses, almost all ethnic group disparities persisted after adjustment for family income, parental education, and other relevant covariates. Conclusions. Major ethnic groups and subgroups of children differ strikingly in demographics, health, and use of services; subgroup differences are easily overlooked; and most disparities persist even after adjustment for family income and parental education.

Suggested Citation

  • Flores, G. & Bauchner, H. & Feinstein, A.R. & Nguyen, U.-S.D.T., 1999. "The impact of ethnicity, family income, and parental education on children's health and use of health services," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 89(7), pages 1066-1071.
  • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1999:89:7:1066-1071_1
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    Cited by:

    1. Karki Nepal, Apsara, 2018. "What matters more for child health: A father’s education or mother’s education?," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 10, pages 24-33.
    2. Fan, Yingling & Chen, Qian, 2012. "Family functioning as a mediator between neighborhood conditions and children's health: Evidence from a national survey in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(12), pages 1939-1947.
    3. Yolanda C. Padilla & Erin R. Hamilton & Robert A. Hummer, 2009. "Beyond the Epidemiological Paradox: The Health of Mexican‐American Children at Age Five," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 90(5), pages 1072-1088, December.
    4. Jo-Ting Fang & Jen-Jia Lin, 2017. "School travel modes and children’s spatial cognition," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(7), pages 1578-1600, May.
    5. Godwin S. Ashiabi, 2013. "Variations in African American and Non-Hispanic White Children’s Health Care Utilization," SAGE Open, , vol. 3(2), pages 21582440134, May.
    6. Cheng, Tyrone, 2006. "Children's access to four medical services: Impact of welfare policies, social structural factors, and family resources," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 595-609, June.
    7. Tyrone C. Cheng & Celia C. Lo, 2024. "Factors Associated with Insured Children’s Use of Physician Visits, Dentist Visits, Hospital Care, and Prescribed Medications in the United States: An Application of Behavioral Model of Health-Service," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(4), pages 1-11, March.
    8. Andrea Berkes & Magdolna Riszter & Enikő Felszeghy & István Pataki & Gábor Mogyorósy, 2019. "Measurement Properties of the Hungarian Version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0: Health Related Quality of Life and Associated Characteristics of the School Children in Hungary," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 14(4), pages 981-1000, September.
    9. Kelvin Chi-Kin Cheung & Kee-Lee Chou, 2018. "Child Poverty Among Hong Kong Ethnic Minorities," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 137(1), pages 93-112, May.
    10. Thierno Souleymane Barry & Oscar Ngesa & Nelson Owuor Onyango & Henry Mwambi, 2021. "Bayesian Spatial Modeling of Anemia among Children under 5 Years in Guinea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-18, June.
    11. Paulin Tay Straughan & Chengwei Xu, 2022. "Parents’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Childhood Obesity in Singapore," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(4), pages 21582440221, December.
    12. Lu Zhang & Yannan Zhao, 2021. "Breaking the Vicious Cycle between Illness and Poverty: Empirical Actions on Land Use in an Oasis Agricultural Area," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-13, March.

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