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Epidemiologic studies utilizing surveys: Accounting for the sampling design

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  • Korn, E.L.
  • Graubard, B.I.

Abstract

Background. Since large-scale health surveys usually have complicated sampling schemes, there is often a question as to whether the sampling design must be considered in the analysis of the data. A recent disagreement concerning the analysis of a body iron stores-cancer association found in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and its follow-up is used to highlight the issues. Methods. We explain and illustrate the importance of two aspects of the sampling design: clustering and weighting of observations. The body iron stores-cancer data are reanalyzed by utilizing or ignoring various aspects of the sampling design. Simple formulas are given to describe how using the sampling design of a survey in the analysis will affect the conclusions of that analysis. Results. The different analyses of the body iron stores-cancer data lead to very different conclusions. Application of the simple formulas suggests that utilization of the sample clustering in the analysis is appropriate, but that a standard utilization of the sample weights leads to an uninformative analysis. The recommended analysis incorporates the sampling weights in a nonstandard way and the sample clustering in the standard way. Conclusions. Which particular aspects of the sampling design to use in the analysis of complex survey data and how to use them depend on certain features of the design. We give some guidelines for when to use the sample clustering and sample weights in the analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Korn, E.L. & Graubard, B.I., 1991. "Epidemiologic studies utilizing surveys: Accounting for the sampling design," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 81(9), pages 1166-1173.
  • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1991:81:9:1166-1173_4
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    1. David M. Murray & Sonja M. McKinlay & Don Martin & Allan P. Donner & James H. Dwyer & Stephen W. Raudenbush & Barry I. Graubard, 1994. "Design and Analysis Issues in Community Trials," Evaluation Review, , vol. 18(4), pages 493-514, August.
    2. Allin, Sara & Law, Michael R. & Laporte, Audrey, 2013. "How does complementary private prescription drug insurance coverage affect seniors’ use of publicly funded medications?," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(2), pages 147-155.
    3. Evelyn Schapansky & Joke Depraetere & Ines Keygnaert & Christophe Vandeviver, 2021. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexual Victimization: Findings from a National Representative Sample of Belgian Adults Aged 16–69," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-22, July.
    4. Oh, Sehun & DiNitto, Diana M. & Powers, Daniel A., 2020. "A longitudinal evaluation of government-sponsored job skills training and basic employment services among U.S. baby boomers with economic disadvantages," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    5. Rose, Donald & Oliveira, Victor, 1997. "Validation of a Self-Reported Measure of Household Food Insufficiency with Nutrient Intake Data," Technical Bulletins 156808, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    6. Dae Hyun Lee & Martijn J C Dane & Bernard M van den Berg & Margien G S Boels & Jurgen W van Teeffelen & Renée de Mutsert & Martin den Heijer & Frits R Rosendaal & Johan van der Vlag & Anton Jan van Zo, 2014. "Deeper Penetration of Erythrocytes into the Endothelial Glycocalyx Is Associated with Impaired Microvascular Perfusion," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(5), pages 1-8, May.
    7. Yin, Robert K. & Kaftarian, Shakeh J. & Yu, Ping & Jansen, Mary A., 1997. "Outcomes from CSAP's community partnership program: Findings from the national cross-site evaluation," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 345-355, August.
    8. Kenneth Land & Jack Guralnik & Dan Blazer, 1994. "Estimating Increment-Decrement Life Tables with Multiple Covariates from Panel Data: The Case of Active Life Expectancy," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 31(2), pages 297-319, May.
    9. Zarkin, Gary A. & French, Michael T. & Mroz, Thomas & Bray, Jeremy W., 1998. "Alcohol use and wages: New results from the national household survey on drug abuse," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 53-68, January.
    10. Ryan C. Lewis & Lauren E. Johns & John D. Meeker, 2015. "Serum Biomarkers of Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Relation to Serum Testosterone and Measures of Thyroid Function among Adults and Adolescents from NHANES 2011–2012," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-17, May.
    11. Crampton, Peter & Davis, Peter & Lay-Yee, Roy, 2005. "Primary care teams: New Zealand's experience with community-governed non-profit primary care," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(2), pages 233-243, May.

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