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A hierarchy of unhealthy food promotion effects: Identifying methodological approaches and knowledge gaps

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  • Kelly, B.
  • King, L.
  • Chapman, K.
  • Boyland, E.
  • Bauman, A.E.
  • Baur, L.A.

Abstract

We assessed the evidence for a conceptual "hierarchy of effects" of marketing, to guide understanding of the relationship between children's exposure to unhealthy food marketing and poor diets and overweight, and drive the research agenda. We reviewed studies assessing the impact of food promotions on children from MEDLINE, Web of Science, ABI Inform, World Health Organization library database, and The Gray Literature Report. We included articles published in English from 2009 to 2013, with earlier articles from a 2009 systematic review. We grouped articles by outcome of exposure and assessed outcomes within a framework depicting a hierarchy of effects of marketing exposures. Evidence supports a logical sequence of effects linking food promotions to individual-level weight outcomes. Future studies should demonstrate the sustained effects of marketing exposure, and exploit variations in exposures to assess differences in outcomes longitudinally. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.

Suggested Citation

  • Kelly, B. & King, L. & Chapman, K. & Boyland, E. & Bauman, A.E. & Baur, L.A., 2015. "A hierarchy of unhealthy food promotion effects: Identifying methodological approaches and knowledge gaps," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105(4), pages 86-95.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2014.302476_4
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302476
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    Cited by:

    1. Charlene Elliott & Emily Truman & Nikki Stephenson, 2022. "Food Marketing and Power: Teen-Identified Indicators of Targeted Food Marketing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Vecchi, Martina & Fan, Linlin & Keller, Kathleen & Myruski, Sarah & Nayga, Rudolfo M. Jr. & Yang, Wei, 2022. "Understanding the Impact of Online Food Advertisements and Emotions on Adolescents’ Food Choices," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322151, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    3. Potvin Kent, Monique & Mulligan, Christine & Pauzé, Elise & Pinto, Adena & Remedios, Lauren, 2024. "The food and beverage marketing monitoring framework for Canada: Development, implementation, and gaps," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    4. I. D. Brouwer & M. J. Liere & A. Brauw & P. Dominguez-Salas & A. Herforth & G. Kennedy & C. Lachat & E. B. Omosa & E. F. Talsma & S. Vandevijvere & J. Fanzo & M. Ruel, 2021. "Reverse thinking: taking a healthy diet perspective towards food systems transformations," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 13(6), pages 1497-1523, December.
    5. Martina Vecchi & Linlin Fan & Sarah Myruski & Wei Yang & Kathleen L. Keller & Rodolfo M. Nayga, 2024. "Online food advertisements and the role of emotions in adolescents’ food choices," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 72(1), pages 45-76, March.
    6. Dana E. Wagner & Gabrielle Seneres & Elisabeth Jones & Kelli A. Brodersen & Sjonna Whitsitt-Paulson, 2022. "Swap Up Your Meal: A Mass Media Nutrition Education Campaign for Oklahoma Teens," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-16, August.
    7. Sofía Rincón-Gallardo Patiño & Srijith Rajamohan & Kathleen Meaney & Eloise Coupey & Elena Serrano & Valisa E. Hedrick & Fabio da Silva Gomes & Nicholas Polys & Vivica Kraak, 2020. "Development of a Responsible Policy Index to Improve Statutory and Self-Regulatory Policies that Protect Children’s Diet and Health in the America’s Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-21, January.
    8. Elise Pauzé & Odera Ekeh & Monique Potvin Kent, 2020. "The Extent and Nature of Food and Beverage Company Sponsorship of Children’s Sports Clubs in Canada: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-11, April.
    9. Gráinne Murphy & Ciara Corcoran & Mimi Tatlow-Golden & Emma Boyland & Brendan Rooney, 2020. "See, Like, Share, Remember: Adolescents’ Responses to Unhealthy-, Healthy- and Non-Food Advertising in Social Media," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-25, March.
    10. Mimi Tatlow-Golden & Daniel Parker, 2020. "The Devil Is in the Detail: Challenging the UK Government’s 2019 Impact Assessment of the Extent of Online Marketing of Unhealthy Foods to Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-20, October.
    11. Bridget Kelly & Emma Boyland & Lesley King & Adrian Bauman & Kathy Chapman & Clare Hughes, 2019. "Children’s Exposure to Television Food Advertising Contributes to Strong Brand Attachments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-14, July.
    12. Dilka Rashmi Peiris & Millawage Supun Dilara Wijesinghe & Balangoda Muhamdiramlage Indika Gunawardana & Weerasinghe Mudiyanselage Prasad Chathuranga Weerasinghe & Rajapaksha Mudiyanselage Nayani Umesh, 2023. "Mobile Phone-Based Nutrition Education Targeting Pregnant and Nursing Mothers in Sri Lanka," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-18, January.

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