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The association between food insecurity and inflammation in the US adult population

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  • Gowda, C.
  • Hadley, C.
  • Aiello, A.E.

Abstract

Objectives. To expand the understanding of potential pathways through which food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes, we investigated whether food insecurity is associated with nutritional levels, inflammatory response, and altered immune function. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2006) with 12 191 participants. We assessed food insecurity using the US Department of Agriculture food security scale module and measured clinical biomarkers from blood samples obtained during participants' visits to mobile examination centers. Results. Of the study population, 21.5% was food insecure. Food insecurity was associated with higher levels of C-reactive protein (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1.40) and of white blood cell count (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.67). White blood cell count partly mediated the association between food insecurity and C-reactive protein. Conclusions. These findings show that food insecurity is associated with increased inflammation, a correlate of chronic diseases. Immune response also appears to be a potential mediator in this pathway.

Suggested Citation

  • Gowda, C. & Hadley, C. & Aiello, A.E., 2012. "The association between food insecurity and inflammation in the US adult population," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(8), pages 1579-1586.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2011.300551_9
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300551
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    1. Atuoye, Kilian Nasung & Luginaah, Isaac, 2017. "Food as a social determinant of mental health among household heads in the Upper West Region of Ghana," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 170-180.
    2. Michael F. Royer, 2024. "The Folly of Food Waste amidst Food Insecurity in the United States: A Literature Review," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Doua Ahmed & Pierina Benavente & Esperanza Diaz, 2023. "Food Insecurity among International Migrants during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(7), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Garima Rautela & Mohammed K. Ali & Dorairaj Prabhakaran & K.M. Venkat Narayan & Nikhil Tandon & Viswanathan Mohan & Lindsay M. Jaacks, 2020. "Prevalence and correlates of household food insecurity in Delhi and Chennai, India," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(2), pages 391-404, April.
    5. Tamargo, Javier A. & Cruz-Almeida, Yenisel, 2024. "Food insecurity and epigenetic aging in middle-aged and older adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    6. Nicole Sirotin & Donald R Hoover & Qiuhu Shi & Kathryn Anastos & Sheri D Weiser, 2014. "Food Insecurity with Hunger Is Associated with Obesity among HIV-Infected and at Risk Women in Bronx, NY," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(8), pages 1-6, August.
    7. Marta Castrica & Egon Andoni & India Intraina & Giulio Curone & Emma Copelotti & Francesca Romana Massacci & Valentina Terio & Silvia Colombo & Claudia Maria Balzaretti, 2021. "Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in Different Ready to Eat Foods from Large Retailers and Canteens over a 2-Year Period in Northern Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-11, October.
    8. Cinthya G. Caamal-Olvera & Julio César Arteaga García, 2021. "Initial Management of COVID-19 Outbreak in Mexico," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, Julio - S.
    9. Ourega-Zoé Ejebu & Stephen Whybrow & Lynda Mckenzie & Elizabeth Dowler & Ada L Garcia & Anne Ludbrook & Karen Louise Barton & Wendy Louise Wrieden & Flora Douglas, 2018. "What can Secondary Data Tell Us about Household Food Insecurity in a High-Income Country Context?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, December.
    10. Michael F. Royer & Christopher Wharton, 2023. "The FINDING-Food Intervention: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study Addressing Food Insecurity," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, October.
    11. Wu, Qiong & Harwood, Robin L. & Feng, Xin, 2018. "Family socioeconomic status and maternal depressive symptoms: Mediation through household food insecurity across five years," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 1-6.

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