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Black-white health disparities in the United States and Chicago: A 15-year progress analysis

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  • Orsi, J.M.
  • Margellos-Anast, H.
  • Whitman, S.

Abstract

Objectives. In an effort to examine national and Chicago, Illinois, progress in meeting the Healthy People 2010 goal of eliminating health disparities, we examined whether disparities between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White persons widened, narrowed, or stayed the same between 1990 and 2005. Methods. We examined 15 health status indicators. We determined whether a disparity widened, narrowed, or remained unchanged between 1990 and 2005 by examining the percentage difference in rates between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations at both time points and at each location. We calculated Pvalues to determine whether changes in percentage difference over time were statistically significant. Results. Disparities between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations widened for 6 of 15 health status indicators examined for the United States (5 significantly), whereas in Chicago the majority of disparities widened (11 of 15, 5 significantly). Conclusions. Overall, progress toward meeting the Healthy People 2010 goal of eliminating health disparities in the United States and in Chicago remains bleak. With more than 15 years of time and effort spent at the national and local level to reduce disparities, the impact remains negligible.

Suggested Citation

  • Orsi, J.M. & Margellos-Anast, H. & Whitman, S., 2010. "Black-white health disparities in the United States and Chicago: A 15-year progress analysis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(2), pages 349-356.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2009.165407_8
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.165407
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    1. Panjwani, Aniket & Xiong, Heyu, 2023. "The causes and consequences of medical crowdfunding," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 648-667.
    2. Graziella Bertocchi & Arcangelo Dimico, 2020. "COVID-19, Race, and Redlining," Department of Economics 0175, University of Modena and Reggio E., Faculty of Economics "Marco Biagi".
    3. Bertocchi, Graziella & Dimico, Arcangelo, 2020. "COVID-19, Race, and Redlining," GLO Discussion Paper Series 603, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    4. Tomilowo Abijo, 2019. "Promoting an All-Inclusive Epidemiological Studies of Parkinson Disease (PD) in Ethnic Minorities of African Descent," Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, Biomedical Research Network+, LLC, vol. 15(3), pages 11427-11430, March.
    5. OjiNjideka Hemphill, Nefertiti & Crooks, Natasha & Zhang, Wenqiong & Fitter, Fareeha & Erbe, Katherine & Rutherford, Julienne N. & Liese, Kylea L. & Pearson, Pamela & Stewart, Karie & Kessee, Nicollet, 2023. "Obstetric experiences of young black mothers: An intersectional perspective," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    6. Joshua C. Hall & Brad R. Humphreys & Jane E. Ruseski, 2015. "Economic Freedom, Race, and Health Disparities: Evidence from US States," Working Papers 15-43, Department of Economics, West Virginia University.
    7. Subica, Andrew M. & Link, Bruce G., 2022. "Cultural trauma as a fundamental cause of health disparities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    8. Brian L. Rostron & Cindy M. Chang & Brittny C. Davis Lynn & Chunfeng Ren & Esther Salazar & Bridget K. Ambrose, 2022. "The contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to differences in mortality and life expectancy among US African-American and white adults, 2000–2019," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 46(31), pages 905-918.
    9. de Oliveira, Angela C.M. & Leonard, Tammy C.M. & Shuval, Kerem & Skinner, Celette Sugg & Eckel, Catherine & Murdoch, James C., 2016. "Economic preferences and obesity among a low-income African American community," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 131(PB), pages 196-208.
    10. Do, D. Phuong & Frank, Reanne & Finch, Brian Karl, 2012. "Does SES explain more of the black/white health gap than we thought? Revisiting our approach toward understanding racial disparities in health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(9), pages 1385-1393.
    11. Brian Rubineau & Yoon Kang, 2012. "Bias in White: A Longitudinal Natural Experiment Measuring Changes in Discrimination," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(4), pages 660-677, April.
    12. Ryan Masters & Robert Hummer & Daniel Powers & Audrey Beck & Shih-Fan Lin & Brian Finch, 2014. "Long-Term Trends in Adult Mortality for U.S. Blacks and Whites: An Examination of Period- and Cohort-Based Changes," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(6), pages 2047-2073, December.

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