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Smoking as a risk factor for prostate cancer: A meta-analysis of 24 prospective cohort studies

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  • Huncharek, M.
  • Sue Haddock, K.
  • Reid, R.
  • Kupelnick, B.

Abstract

Objectives. We evaluated the relationship between smoking and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Methods. We pooled data from 24 cohort studies enrolling 21 579 prostate cancer case participants for a general variance-based meta-analysis. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) were calculated separately for mortality and incidence studies. We tested the robustness of effect measures and evaluated statistical heterogeneity with sensitivity analyses. Results. In the pooled data, current smokers had no increased risk of incident prostate cancer (RR = 1.04; 95% Cl = 0.87, 1.24), but in data stratified by amount smoked they had statistically significant elevated risk (cigarettes per day or years: RR = 1.22; 95% Cl = 1.01, 1.46; pack years of smoking: RR = 1.11; 95% Cl = 1.01, 1.22). Former smokers had an increased risk (RR = 1.09; 95% Cl = 1.02, 1.16). Current smokers had an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer (RR = 1.14; 95% Cl = 1.06, 1.19). The heaviest smokers had a 24% to 30% greater risk, of death from prostate cancer than did nonsmokers. Conclusions. Observational cohort studies show an association of smoking with prostate cancer incidence and mortality. III-defined exposure categories in many cohort studies suggest that pooled data underestimate risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Huncharek, M. & Sue Haddock, K. & Reid, R. & Kupelnick, B., 2010. "Smoking as a risk factor for prostate cancer: A meta-analysis of 24 prospective cohort studies," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(4), pages 693-701.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2008.150508_6
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.150508
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohammad Al Qadire & Murad Alkhalaileh & Mohammed ALBashtawy, 2019. "Lifestyle and Dietary Factors and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Multicentre Case-Control Study," Clinical Nursing Research, , vol. 28(8), pages 992-1008, November.
    2. Bin Xu & Na Tong & Shu-Qiu Chen & Yu Yang & Xiao-Wen Zhang & Jin Liu & Xiang-Nong Hu & Guo-Zhu Sha & Ming Chen, 2012. "Contribution of HOGG1 Ser326Cys Polymorphism to the Development of Prostate Cancer in Smokers: Meta-Analysis of 2779 Cases and 3484 Controls," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(1), pages 1-7, January.

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