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Overt and subtle racial discrimination and mental health: Preliminary findings for Korean immigrants

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  • Noh, S.
  • Kaspar, V.
  • Wickrama, K.A.S.

Abstract

Objectives. We examined differential effects of overt and subtle forms of racial discrimination on 2 dimensions of mental health - positive affect and depressive symptoms, and explored the mediating roles of emotional arousal and cognitive appraisal. Methods. Cross-sectional survey data were collected through face-to-face interviews with a sample (N = 180) of adult Korean immigrants living in Toronto, Ontario. Maximum likelihood estimates of path coefficients were obtained using structural equation models. Results. Perceived racial discrimination was associated with both the erosion of positive affect and depressive symptoms. Overt discrimination was associated with the erosion of positive affect, and subtle discrimination was associated with depressive symptoms. Effects of subtle discrimination on depressive symptoms were mediated through cognitive appraisal. Conclusions. The results emphasize the salience of subtle discrimination for the mental health of Asian immigrants. Experiences of overt racial bias seemed to be of little importance for the levels of depressive symptoms among those in our sample, although the experience of blatant discrimination tended to reduce positive mood.

Suggested Citation

  • Noh, S. & Kaspar, V. & Wickrama, K.A.S., 2007. "Overt and subtle racial discrimination and mental health: Preliminary findings for Korean immigrants," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 97(7), pages 1269-1274.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2005.085316_7
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.085316
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    Cited by:

    1. M. Anne George & Cherylynn Bassani, 2018. "Influence of Perceived Racial Discrimination on the Health of Immigrant Children in Canada," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 527-540, August.
    2. Forrest-Bank, Shandra S. & Jenson, Jeffery M., 2015. "The relationship among childhood risk and protective factors, racial microaggression and ethnic identity, and academic self-efficacy and antisocial behavior in young adulthood," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 64-74.
    3. Carmen H Logie & Jesse I R Jenkinson & Valerie Earnshaw & Wangari Tharao & Mona R Loutfy, 2016. "A Structural Equation Model of HIV-Related Stigma, Racial Discrimination, Housing Insecurity and Wellbeing among African and Caribbean Black Women Living with HIV in Ontario, Canada," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(9), pages 1-20, September.
    4. Agudelo-Suárez, Andrés & Gil-González, Diana & Ronda-Pérez, Elena & Porthé, Victoria & Paramio-Pérez, Gema & García, Ana M. & Garí, Aitana, 2009. "Discrimination, work and health in immigrant populations in Spain," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(10), pages 1866-1874, May.
    5. Nazan Ulusoy & Anja Schablon, 2020. "Discrimination in In-Patient Geriatric Care: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of Employees with a Turkish Migration Background," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-14, March.
    6. Wintner, Suzanne & Almeida, Joanna & Hamilton-Mason, Johnnie, 2017. "Perceptions of microaggression in K-8 school settings: An exploratory study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 594-601.
    7. Patrick Cloos & Elhadji Malick Ndao & Josephine Aho & Magalie Benoît & Amandine Fillol & Maria Munoz-Bertrand & Marie-Jo Ouimet & Jill Hanley & Valéry Ridde, 2020. "The negative self-perceived health of migrants with precarious status in Montreal, Canada: A cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-22, April.
    8. Barbara Gomez-Aguinaga & Melanie Sayuri Dominguez & Sylvia Manzano, 2021. "Immigration and Gender as Social Determinants of Mental Health during the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Case of US Latina/os," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-14, June.
    9. Venera Bekteshi & Monika Stodolska & Sung-Wan Kang, 2022. "Ethnic Enclosure and Perception of Discrimination Among Korean and Polish Immigrants," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 85-104, March.
    10. Sheruni De Alwis & Nick Parr & Fei Guo, 2022. "The interacting effects of religion and birthplace on the labour market outcomes of Asian immigrants in Australia," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 157-199, June.
    11. Yoo, Hyung Chol & Gee, Gilbert C. & Takeuchi, David, 2009. "Discrimination and health among Asian American immigrants: Disentangling racial from language discrimination," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(4), pages 726-732, February.
    12. Usha George & Mary S. Thomson & Ferzana Chaze & Sepali Guruge, 2015. "Immigrant Mental Health, A Public Health Issue: Looking Back and Moving Forward," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-25, October.
    13. Thulitha Wickrama & Scott A. Ketring, 2012. "Change in the health of tsunami-exposed mothers three years after the natural disaster," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 58(3), pages 278-288, May.

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