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Die Rolle von Kooperationen im Gewässerschutz aus Sicht der Wasserversorgungsunternehmen

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  • Beck, Katja
  • Knierim, Andrea

Abstract

Landwirten und Wasserversorgungsunternehmen (WVU) kommt mit ihren Kooperationen in Deutschland eine besondere Rolle für die Sicherung der Trinkwasserversorgung und für die Reduktion des Nitratgehalts zu. Landwirte tragen mit verringerter Düngermenge zum Umweltschutz bei, haben aber trotz weniger eingesetztem Mineraldünger aufgrund der Ausgleichszahlungen keinen finanziellen Nachteil. WVU haben somit weniger Aufwand für die Wasseraufbereitung und können diese finanziellen Einsparungen für die Ausgleichszahlungen einsetzen. Veränderte rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen, wie die Novellierung der Düngeverordnung, sowie der im Januar 2017 erschienene Nitratbericht 2016 gaben Anlass dazu, solche Kooperationen zwischen Landwirten und Wasserversorgungsunternehmen zu untersuchen. Im Fokus dieser Untersuchung stehen die Herausforderungen und Erfolgsfaktoren der Kooperationen aus Sicht der WVU. Hierzu wurde eine qualitative empirische Untersuchung mit Experten der Wasserwirtschaft durchgeführt. Die Auswahl der Interviewpartner erfolgte nach dem Schneeballprinzip sowie dem Convenience Sampling. Die Datenerhebung fand in Form leitfadengestützter Experteninterviews statt. Die Datenauswertung wurde anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring mit Kategorienbildung durchgeführt. Als Ergebnis kann zusammengefasst werden, dass die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen bzw. deren Änderung einen großen Einfluss auf die Kooperationen in der Wasserwirtschaft haben. Aufgrund der Freiwilligkeit von Kooperationen sind nicht flächendeckend alle in Wasserschutzgebieten wirtschaftende Landwirte in einer Kooperation involviert. Die gelingende Kommunikation unter allen Beteiligten ist Rahmenbedingung und Erfolgsfaktor zugleich, ohne die solche Kooperationen langfristig nicht funktionieren können. Die heterogenen Organisationsformen der Kooperationen auf nationaler Ebene können als Vor- und Nachteil betrachtet werden, indem einerseits bei der Kooperationsgestaltung Standortspezifika berücksichtigt werden können, andererseits aber eine Richt linie für generelle Kooperationsstandards und die Finanzierung fehlt. With their cooperations in Germany, farmers and water supply companies have a special role in securing the drinking water supply and in reducing the nitrate content. Farmers contribute to environmental protection by reducing the amount of fertiliser used, but despite the fact that less mineral fertiliser is used, they have no financial disadvantage due to the compensation payments. Water supply companies thus have less expenses for water treatment and can use these financial savings for compensation payments. Changing political framework conditions such as the amendment of the Fertiliser Ordinance and the Nitrate Report 2016, published in January 2017, gave rise to the investigation of such cooperations between farmers and water supply companies. This study focuses on the challenges and success factors of cooperations from the point of view of the water supply companies. For this purpose, a qualitative empirical study was carried out with experts from the water industry. The interview partners were selected according to the snowball sampling and convenience sampling. The data collection took place in the form of guided expert interviews. The data evaluation was performed on the basis of the qualitative content analysis according to Mayring with category formation. As a result, it can be summarised that the political framework conditions and their changes have a major influence on cooperations in water management. Due to the voluntary nature of cooperations, not all farmers working in water protection areas are involved in a cooperation. Successful communication among all participants is both a framework condition and a success factor, without which cooperations cannot function in the long term. The heterogeneous organisational forms of cooperations at the national level can be regarded as advantages and disadvantages in that, on the one hand, site specifics can be taken into account in the design of cooperations and, on the other hand, a guideline for general cooperation standards and financing is lacking.

Suggested Citation

  • Beck, Katja & Knierim, Andrea, 2019. "Die Rolle von Kooperationen im Gewässerschutz aus Sicht der Wasserversorgungsunternehmen," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 68(3), September.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:gjagec:319818
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.319818
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dirk Helbing & Sergi Lozano, "undated". "On Phase Transitions to Cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma," Working Papers CCSS-10-004, ETH Zurich, Chair of Systems Design.
    2. Techen, Anja-Kristina, 2018. "Reduzierung von landwirtschaftlichen Stickstoffeinträgen in Gewässer: Die Wirksamkeit von Beratung am Beispiel der hessischen WRRL-Beratung," Thünen Reports 58, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries.
    3. Kelly,Anthony, 2003. "Decision Making Using Game Theory," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521814621.
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