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The 2021 Child Tax Credit: Who Received It and How Did They Spend It?

Author

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  • Katherine Michelmore
  • Natasha V. Pilkauskas

Abstract

In March of 2021, Congress passed a one-year expansion of the Child Tax Credit (CTC), creating a temporary, near-universal child benefit. Despite expanding eligibility to millions of previously ineligible children living in low-income households, only two-thirds received the monthly benefit. We illustrate that some historic gaps in receipt of the CTC remain despite the efforts to make the credit more universal: prior tax filing, household income, and survey language were among the strongest predictors of monthly receipt. More work is needed to understand why families did not receive the CTC and how to reach these vulnerable populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Katherine Michelmore & Natasha V. Pilkauskas, 2023. "The 2021 Child Tax Credit: Who Received It and How Did They Spend It?," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 113, pages 413-419, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:apandp:v:113:y:2023:p:413-19
    DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20231089
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G51 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Household Savings, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth
    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • J12 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

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