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Subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention: A moderated-serial mediation model

Author

Listed:
  • Van Hieu Pham

    (Ph.D., Hanoi University of Business and Technology, No. 29A, Lane 124, Vinh Tuy Street, Vinh Tuy Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam)

  • Thi Kim Chi Nguyen

    ((Corresponding author), Ph.D, Hanoi University of Business and Technology, No. 29A, Lane 124, Vinh Tuy Street, Vinh Tuy Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam)

  • hi Bich Lien Nguyen

    (Ph.D, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan Street, Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam)

  • Thi Thanh Thuy Tran

    (Ph.D, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan Street, Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam)

  • Thi Viet Nga Nguyen

    (Ph.D, Academy Of Finance, 58 Le Van Hien Street, Dong Ngac Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam)

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study aims to clarify the effect mechanism of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention. The results of how subjective norms contribute to forming start-up intention are inconsistent and unclear, which is notable in previous research. By integrating the theory of planned behavior and the theory of self-efficacy, we investigate whether entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship serially mediate the relationship between subjective norms and intention to start a business. In addition, this study examines the moderate role of entrepreneurial education on the serial indirect effect of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention via entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship. METHODOLOGY: This study utilized a sample of 958 master’s students in Vietnam to investigate a moderated-serial mediation model of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to check the reliability and validity of the scales. Then, the SPSS PROCESS macro developed by Hayes was employed to test the research model. Specifically, Model 6 was used to examine the serial indirect effect of subjective norms on start-up intention and Model 84 was implemented to investigate the moderate effect of entrepreneurial education. FINDINGS: The results of this study found that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude significantly mediate subjective norms’ effect on entrepreneurial intention. Especially, the results reveal that the serial mediation effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship was significant and entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship played a fully mediating role in the relationship between subjective norms and start-up intention. In addition, this study found that the serial mediation effect of subjective norms on start-up intention via entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude was negatively moderated by entrepreneurial education. IMPLICATIONS: The results of this study further clarify the relationship between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention and the role of entrepreneurial education, therefore, contributing to narrowing the notable gap between this relationship. Besides, our study provides several implications for governments and policymakers to promote the intention to start a business. The finding of our study indicates that subjective norms are an important factor in promoting entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, policymakers should take some actions to promote entrepreneurial culture, such as strengthening propaganda activities to promote the image of successful entrepreneurs, praising businesses and entrepreneurs who contribute to society, and giving evidence of their contribution to the development of the country. Promoting an entrepreneurial culture may increase peer group pressure on potential entrepreneurs, thus enhancing the intention to start a business. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study expects to contribute to a better understanding of the effect mechanism of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention and explain the role of entrepreneurial education in this relationship. This study explores the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude in the relationship between subjective norms and the intention to start a business. Additionally, this study demonstrates that entrepreneurial education weakens the serial mediation model of subjective norms on the intention to start a business.

Suggested Citation

  • Van Hieu Pham & Thi Kim Chi Nguyen & hi Bich Lien Nguyen & Thi Thanh Thuy Tran & Thi Viet Nga Nguyen, 2023. "Subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention: A moderated-serial mediation model," Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione", vol. 19(1), pages 113-140.
    • Handle: RePEc:aae:journl:v:19:y:2023:i:1:p:113-140
    DOI: 10.7341/20231914
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lars Kolvereid, 1996. "Prediction of Employment Status Choice Intentions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 21(1), pages 47-58, October.
    2. Duong Cong Doanh, 2021. "The moderating role of self-efficacy on the cognitive process of entrepreneurship: An empirical study in Vietnam," Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione", vol. 17(1), pages 147-174.
    3. Ewald Kibler, 2013. "Formation of entrepreneurial intentions in a regional context," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(3-4), pages 293-323, April.
    4. Kwaku Amofah & Ramon Saladrigues, 2022. "Impact of attitude towards entrepreneurship education and role models on entrepreneurial intention," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 1-30, December.
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