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Does the quality of institutions limit the MENA's integration in the world economy?
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- Andrea Ascani & Riccardo Crescenzi & Simona Iammarino, 2015.
"Economic Institutions and the Location Strategies of European Multinationals in their Geographical Neighbourhood,"
LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series
97, European Institute, LSE.
- Andrea Ascani & Riccardo Crescenzi & Simona Iammarino, 2015. "Economic Institutions and the Location Strategies of European Multinationals in their Geographical Neighbourhood," John H Dunning Centre for International Business Discussion Papers jhd-dp2015-07, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
- Agnès Bénassy‐Quéré & Maylis Coupet & Thierry Mayer, 2007.
"Institutional Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment,"
The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(5), pages 764-782, May.
- Agnès Bénassy-Quéré & Maylis Coupet & Thierry Mayer, 2005. "Institutional Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment," Working Papers 2005-05, CEPII research center.
- Agnès Bénassy-Quéré & Maylis Coupet & Thierry Mayer, 2007. "Institutional Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment," Post-Print hal-00268751, HAL.
- Agnès Bénassy-Quéré & Thierry Mayer & Maylis Coupet, 2007. "Institutional Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment," Post-Print hal-03415911, HAL.
- Agnès Bénassy-Quéré & Maylis Coupet & Thierry Mayer, 2007. "Institutional Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-00268751, HAL.
- Danish Ahmed Siddiqui & Qazi Masood Ahmed, 2019.
"The Causal Relationship Between Institutions and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation for Pakistan Economy,"
Issues in Economics and Business, Macrothink Institute, vol. 5(1), pages 1-19, June.
- Siddiqui, Danish Ahmed & Ahmed, Qazi Masood, 2009. "The Causal Relationship between Institutions and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation for Pakistan Economy," MPRA Paper 19745, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Galego Aurora & Caetano José Manuel, 2012.
"Institutional and Economic Determinants of FDI: A Comparison between the European Union and the MENA Region,"
Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 1-23, August.
- José Manuel Martins Caetano & Maria Aurora Murcho Galego, 2009. "FDI in the European Union and Mena Countries: Institutional and Economic Determinants," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2009_09, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
- Federico Carril-Caccia & Juliette Milgram-Baleix & Jordi Paniagua, 2019. "Foreign Direct Investment in oil-abundant countries: The role of institutions," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-23, April.
- Kechagia, Polyxeni & Metaxas, Theodore, 2020. "Institutional quality and FDI inflows: an empirical investigation for Turkey," MPRA Paper 104309, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Friedrich Schneider & Friedrich Schneider, 2008.
"Shadow Economies and Corruption all over the World: What do we Really Know?,"
Chapters, in: Michael Pickhardt & Edward Shinnick (ed.), The Shadow Economy, Corruption and Governance, chapter 7, pages 122-187,
Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Friedrich Schneider, 2006. "Shadow Economies and Corruption all over the World: What do we really Know?," CESifo Working Paper Series 1806, CESifo.
- Schneider, Friedrich, 2006. "Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: What Do We Really Know?," IZA Discussion Papers 2315, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Friedrich G. Schneider, 2006. "Shadow Economies and Corruption all over the World: What do we really know?," Economics working papers 2006-17, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
- Schneider, Friedrich G., 2007. "Shadow economies and corruption all over the world: what do we really know?," Economics Discussion Papers 2007-9, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
- Fathi Abid & Slah Bahloul, 2010. "Selected MENA Countries’ Attractiveness to G7 Investors," Working Papers 531, Economic Research Forum, revised 07 Jan 2010.
- Selen Guerin & Stefano Manzocchi, 2009. "Political regime and FDI from advanced to emerging countries," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 145(1), pages 75-91, April.
- Dimitrova, Anna & Triki, Dora & Valentino, Alfredo, 2022. "The effects of business- and non-business-targeting terrorism on FDI to the MENA region: The moderating role of political regime," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(6).
- Khan, M.A. & Samad, G., 2010. "Intellectual Property Rights And Foreign Direct Investment: Analysis Of 14 South And South East Asian Countries, 1970-2005," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 10(1).
- Axel Dreher & Friedrich Schneider, 2010.
"Corruption and the shadow economy: an empirical analysis,"
Public Choice, Springer, vol. 144(1), pages 215-238, July.
- Axel Dreher & Friedrich Schneider, 2006. "Corruption and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis," KOF Working papers 06-123, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich.
- Axel Dreher & Friedrich Schneider, 2006. "Corruption and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis," CREMA Working Paper Series 2006-01, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
- Axel Dreher & Friedrich G. Schneider, 2006. "Corruption and the shadow economy: An empirical analysis," Economics working papers 2006-03, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
- Axel Dreher & Friedrich Schneider, 2006. "Corruption and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis," CESifo Working Paper Series 1653, CESifo.
- Dreher, Axel & Schneider, Friedrich, 2006. "Corruption and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis," IZA Discussion Papers 1936, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Taguchi, Hiroyuki & Elbek, Abdullaev, 2022. "Premature deindustrialization in post-Soviet economies," MPRA Paper 114413, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Gani, Azmat & Scrimgeour, Frank, 2016. "New Zealand's trade with Asia and the role of good governance," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 36-53.
- Federico Carril-Caccia & Juliette Milgram Baleix & Jordi Paniagua, 2019. "The foreign direct investment-institution nexus in oil-abundant countries," Working Papers 1903, Department of Applied Economics II, Universidad de Valencia.
- Khalid Sekkat, 2013. "Is There Anything Special With Intra-Arab Capital Flows?," Working Papers 812, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2013.
- Mohamed Ismail Sabry, 2022. "Arab-German Trade and Institutions: The Effect of Good Governance on Arab Exports to Germany," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 34(5), pages 2400-2437, October.
- Michal Mádr & Luděk Kouba, 2015. "Does the Political Environment Affect Inflows of Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence from Emerging Markets," Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Mendel University Press, vol. 63(6), pages 2017-2026.
- repec:pdn:wpaper:79 is not listed on IDEAS
- Schneider, Friedrich G., 2007. "Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: New Estimates for 145 Countries," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 1, pages 1-66.
- Abdallh, Atif Awad & Abugamos, Hoda, 2017. "A semi-parametric panel data analysis on the urbanisation-carbon emissions nexus for the MENA countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1350-1356.
- Azmat Gani & Biman Chand Prasad, 2006. "Institutional Quality and Trade in Pacific Island Countries," Working Papers 2006, Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade (ARTNeT), an initiative of UNESCAP and IDRC, Canada..
- Burger, Martijn & Ianchovichina, Elena & Rijkers, Bob, 2013.
"Risky business : political instability and greenfield foreign direct investment in the Arab world,"
Policy Research Working Paper Series
6716, The World Bank.
- Martijn Burger & Elena Ianchovichina & Bob Rijkers, 2014. "Risky Business Political Instability and Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment in the Arab World," Working Papers 870, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2014.
- World Bank, 2008. "Middle East and North Africa Economic Developments and Prospects, 2008 : Regional Integration for Global Competitiveness," World Bank Publications - Reports 12949, The World Bank Group.
- Caetano, José & Caleiro, António, 2009.
"Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment -- How different are the MENA countries from the EU?,"
EconStor Preprints
144148, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
- José Martins Caetano & António Bento Caleiro, 2009. "Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU?," Economics Working Papers 02_2009, University of Évora, Department of Economics (Portugal).
- Zeghni, Sylvain & Fabry, Nathalie, 2008.
"Building institutions for growth and human developement : an economic perspective applied to transitional countries of Europe and CIS,"
MPRA Paper
9235, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Nathalie Fabry & Sylvain Zeghni, 2011. "Building Institutions for growth and human development: an Economic Perspective Applied to the Transitional Countries of Europe and CIS," Post-Print hal-00687710, HAL.
- Zeghni, Sylvain & Fabry, Nathalie, 2008. "Building institutions for growth and human development: an economic perspective applied to the transitional countries of Europe and CIS," MPRA Paper 9171, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Nathalie Fabry & Sylvain Zeghni, 2010. "Building Institutions for growth and human development: an Economic Perspective Applied to the Transitional Countries of Europe and CIS," Post-Print hal-00687714, HAL.
- Martijn Burger & Elena Ianchovichina & Bob Rijkers, 2016.
"Risky Business: Political Instability and Sectoral Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment in the Arab World,"
The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 30(2), pages 306-331.
- Burger, Martijn & Ianchovichina, Elena & Rijkers, Bob, 2015. "Risky Business: Political Instability and Sectoral Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment in the Arab World," Conference papers 332623, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
- Bokpin, Godfred A., 2017. "Foreign direct investment and environmental sustainability in Africa: The role of institutions and governance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(PA), pages 239-247.
- Shima'a Hanafy, 2015. "Determinants of FDI Location in Egypt—Empirical Analysis Using Governorate Panel Data," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201513, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
- Shima’a Hanafy, 2014. "Determinants of FDI Location in Egypt: Empirical Analysis Using Governorate Panel Data," Working Papers 875, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2014.
- Eugen Dimant & Guglielmo Tosato, 2018.
"Causes And Effects Of Corruption: What Has Past Decade'S Empirical Research Taught Us? A Survey,"
Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 335-356, April.
- Dimant, Eugen, 2014. "The Antecedents and Effects of Corruption - A Reassessment of Current (Empirical) Findings," MPRA Paper 60947, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Dimant, Eugen & Tosato, Guglielmo, 2017. "Causes and Effects of Corruption: What has Past Decade's Research Taught us? A Survey," MPRA Paper 76445, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Andrea Ascani & Riccardo Crescenzi & Simona Iammarino, 2016.
"Economic Institutions and the Location Strategies of European Multinationals in their Geographic Neighborhood,"
Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 92(4), pages 401-429, October.
- Ascani, Andrea & Crescenzi, Riccardo & Iammarino, Simona, 2016. "Economic institutions and the location strategies of European multinationals in their geographic neighborhood," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 65496, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Narayan Sethi & Purna Chandra Padhan & Devi Prasad Dash, 2024. "When Is Aid Credible in the Emerging Asian economies? An Empirical Re-assessment from the Perspective of Economic Growth," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(2), pages 7331-7357, June.
- Alessandro Nicita & Valentina Rollo, 2013. "Tariff Preferences As A Determinant For Exports From Sub-Saharan Africa," UNCTAD Blue Series Papers 60, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
- Sangeeta Khorana & Inmaculada Martínez‐Zarzoso, 2020. "Twenty‐First‐Century Trade Governance: Findings From The Commonwealth Countries," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 38(2), pages 380-396, April.
- Danish Ahmed Siddiqui & Qazi Masood Ahmed, 2019.
"Does Institutions Effect Growth in Pakistan? An Empirical investigation,"
Journal of Asian Development, Macrothink Institute, vol. 5(2), pages 1-24, April.
- Siddiqui, Danish Ahmed & Ahmed, Qazi Masood, 2009. "Does Institutions effect growth in Pakistan? An Empirical investigation," MPRA Paper 19744, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Carlos Abreo & Ricardo Bustillo & Carlos Rodriguez, 2021. "The role of institutional quality in the international trade of a Latin American country: evidence from Colombian export performance," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 10(1), pages 1-21, December.
- Marc Lautier & Francois Moreaub, 2012. "Domestic Investment And Fdi In Developing Countries: The Missing Link," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 37(3), pages 1-23, September.
- Christoph Moser & Thorsten Nestmann & Michael Wedow, 2008.
"Political Risk and Export Promotion: Evidence from Germany,"
The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(6), pages 781-803, June.
- Nestmann, Thorsten & Moser, Christoph & Wedow, Michael, 2006. "Political risk and export promotion: Evidence from Germany," Research Notes 23, Deutsche Bank Research.
- Moser, Christoph & Nestmann, Thorsten & Wedow, Michael, 2006. "Political risk and export promotion: evidence from Germany," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2006,36, Deutsche Bundesbank.
- Siddiqui, Danish Ahmed & Ahmed, Qazi Masood, 2013. "The effect of institutions on economic growth: A global analysis based on GMM dynamic panel estimation," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 18-33.
- Mamta Kumari & Nalin Bharti, 2020. "What Drive Trade Costs? South Asia and Beyond," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 21(2), pages 258-280, September.
- Mohammed Eddaou, 2022. "Economic diplomacy of developed countries and its impact on FDI flows to Morocco [La diplomatie économique des pays développés et son impact sur les flux des IDE au Maroc]," Post-Print hal-03625483, HAL.
- Mariem Brahim & Houssem Rachdi, 2014. "Foreign Direct Investment, Institutions and Economic Growth: Evidence from the MENA Region," Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, Lifescience Global, vol. 3, pages 328-339.
- Saravia Antonio & Canavire-Bacarreza Gustavo J. & Rios-Avila Fernando, 2017.
"Intellectual Property Rights, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Freedom,"
Global Economy Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 17(2), pages 1-13, June.
- Antonio Saravia & Gustavo J. Canavire-Bacarreza & Fernando Rios-Avila, 2017. "Intellectual Property Rights, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Freedom," Global Economy Journal (GEJ), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 17(2), pages 1-13, June.
- Brahim Elmorchid & Nouira Ridha & Khalid Sekka, 2013. "A Comparative Analysis of the Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in The Arab World and in Asia," Working Papers 811, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2013.
- Taguchi, Hiroyuki, 2022. "Manufacturing exports and institutional qualities: The case of central Asian countries," MPRA Paper 113585, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Pierre-Guillaume Méon & Khalid Sekkat, 2013. "FDI and Exports Diversification in Arab Countries," Working Papers 816, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2013.
- Antonio Saravia & Gustavo Canavire-Bacarreza & Fernando Rios-Avila, 2012. "Intellectual property rights, foreign direct investment and the shadow economy," Documentos de Trabajo de Valor Público 13514, Universidad EAFIT.
- Fathi Ali & Norbert Fiess & Ronald MacDonald, 2010.
"Do Institutions Matter for Foreign Direct Investment?,"
Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 201-219, April.
- Fathi Ali & Norbert Fiess & Ronald MacDonald, 2008. "Do Institutions Matter for Foreign Direct Investment?," Working Papers 2008_26, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow.
- Ali, Fathi & Fiess, Norbert & MacDonald, Ronald, 2008. "Do Institutions Matter for Foreign Direct Investment?," SIRE Discussion Papers 2008-34, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE).
- Mohammad Sharif Karimi & Elham Heshmati Daiari, 2018. "Does Institutions Matter for Economic Development? Evidence for ASEAN Selected Countries," Iranian Economic Review (IER), Faculty of Economics,University of Tehran.Tehran,Iran, vol. 22(1), pages 1-20, Winter.
- Méon, Pierre-Guillaume & Sekkat, Khalid, 2015.
"The formal and informal institutional framework of capital accumulation,"
Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(3), pages 754-771.
- Khalid Sekkat & Pierre-Guillaume Méon, 2015. "The formal and informal institutional framework of capital accumulation," Post-Print CEB, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, August.
- Pierre-Guillaume Méon & Khalid Sekkat, 2013. "The formal and informal institutional framework of capital accumulation," Working Papers CEB 13-036, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
- Khalid Sekkat & Pierre-Guillaume Méon, 2015. "The formal and informal institutional framework of capital accumulation," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/177370, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
- Karam, Fida & Zaki, Chahir, 2019. "Why Don’t MENA Countries Trade More? The Curse of Deficient Institutions," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 56-77.
- Ben Jelili Riadh, 2020.
"Do Default Loss Risks Matter for Arab Exports? Evidence from a Gravity Modelling Approach,"
Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, December.
- Riadh Ben Jelili, 2020. "Do Default Loss Risks Matter for Arab Exports? Evidence from a Gravity Modelling Approach," Post-Print hal-04060795, HAL.
- Jayakar, Krishna & Martin, Brandie, 2012. "Regulatory governance in African telecommunications: Testing the resource curse hypothesis," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 691-703.
- Akhtaruzzaman, M. & Berg, Nathan & Hajzler, Christopher, 2017.
"Expropriation risk and FDI in developing countries: Does return of capital dominate return on capital?,"
European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 84-107.
- M. Akhtaruzzaman & Nathan Berg & Christopher Hajzler, 2017. "Expropriation Risk and FDI in Developing Countries: Does Return of Capital Dominate Return on Capital?," Staff Working Papers 17-9, Bank of Canada.
- Kuang-Hann Chou & Chien-Hsun Chen & Chao-Cheng Mai, 2015. "Factors Influencing China's Exports with a Spatial Econometric Model," The International Trade Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(3), pages 191-211, August.
- Esmat Mostafa Kamel, 2021. "The MENA region's need for more democracy and less bureaucracy: A gravity model controlling for aspects of governance and trade freedom in MENA," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(6), pages 1885-1912, June.
- Abid, Fathi & Bahloul, Slah, 2011. "Selected MENA countries' attractiveness to G7 investors," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 2197-2207, September.
- Pierre-Guillaume Méon & Khalid Sekkat, 2013. "The Formal and Informal Framework of Foreign Direct Investment," Working Papers 810, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2013.
- Khalid Sekkat, 2012. "Manufactured Exports and FDI in the MED-11 Countries: Recent Evolution, Determinants and Prospects," CASE Network Studies and Analyses 432, CASE-Center for Social and Economic Research.
- Xu, Tao, 2019. "Economic freedom and bilateral direct investment," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 172-179.
- Mehmed GANIĆ & Mahir HRNJIC, 2019. "Does a country’s business regulatory environment affect its attractiveness to FDI? Empirical evidence from Central and Southeast European countries," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 10, pages 89-105, December.
- Bailey, Nicholas, 2018. "Exploring the relationship between institutional factors and FDI attractiveness: A meta-analytic review," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 139-148.
- Siddiqui, Danish Ahmed & Ahmed, Qazi Masood, 2009. "Institutions and Economic Growth: A Cross country Evidence," MPRA Paper 19747, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- FE, Doukouré Charles, 2011. "Qualité des Institutions et Commerce International: Évidence à Partir des Exportations de l'UEMOA [Institutions Quality and International Trade: Evidence from WAEMU Exports]," MPRA Paper 33333, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Sekkat, Khalid, 2010. "Arab Economic Integration: Missing links," CEPR Discussion Papers 7807, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Arno BAECKER, 2001. "The Development of Trade and Foreign Direct Investment under the Influence of the Barcelona Process – An Initial Assessmentt," Middle East and North Africa 330400007, EcoMod.
- Pierre-Guillaume Méon & Khalid Sekkat, 2007.
"Revisiting the relationship between governance and foreign direct investment,"
Brussels Economic Review, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, vol. 50(1), pages 41-61.
- Pierre-Guillaume Méon & Khalid Sekkat, 2007. "Revisiting the relationship between governance and foreign direct investment," DULBEA Working Papers 07-13.RS, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
- Abdikarim Bashir Jama, 2020. "The Effect of Institutional Quality on Export performance of Middle East & North-Africa Region," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 4(1), pages 14-20, January.
- Azmat Gani & Biman Chand Prasad, 2006. "Institutional Quality and Trade in Pacific Island Countries," ARTNeT Working Papers 20, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP).
- Goel, Rajeev K. & Herrala, Risto & Mazhar, Ummad, 2013. "Institutional quality and environmental pollution: MENA countries versus the rest of the world," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 508-521.
- Mohsin Hasnain Ahmad & Qazi Masood Ahmed, 2014. "Does the Institutional Quality Matter to Attract the Foreign Direct Investment? An Empirical Investigation for Pakistan," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 15(1), pages 55-70, March.