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CEO Stock-Based Compensation: An Empirical Analysis of Incentive-Intensity, Relative Mix, and Economic Determinants

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Belkhir, Mohamed & Boubaker, Sabri, 2013. "CEO inside debt and hedging decisions: Lessons from the U.S. banking industry," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 223-246.
  2. Aßmuth, Pascal, 2015. "Stock price related financial fragility and growth patterns," Center for Mathematical Economics Working Papers 539, Center for Mathematical Economics, Bielefeld University.
  3. Michel A. Habib & Alexander Ljungqvist, 2005. "Firm Value and Managerial Incentives: A Stochastic Frontier Approach," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 78(6), pages 2053-2094, November.
  4. Bouras Mehdi & Gallali Mohamed Imen, 2014. "The Determinants Of Equity Based Compensation: A Bidimensional Validity Of The Agency Theory," Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance (AAMJAF), Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, vol. 10(2), pages 117-145.
  5. Martin Bugeja & Stephanie Fohn & Zoltan Matolcsy & Neil Fargher, 2016. "Determinants of the levels and changes in non-executive director compensation," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 56(3), pages 627-667, September.
  6. Chen, Yenn-Ru & Lee, Bong Soo, 2010. "A dynamic analysis of executive stock options: Determinants and consequences," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 88-103, February.
  7. Bryan, Stephen & Nash, Robert & Patel, Ajay, 2006. "Can the agency costs of debt and equity explain the changes in executive compensation during the 1990s?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 516-535, June.
  8. Konari Uchida, 2006. "Determinants of stock option use by Japanese companies," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(3), pages 251-269.
  9. Robert Bushman & Ellen Engel & Abbie Smith, 2006. "An Analysis of the Relation between the Stewardship and Valuation Roles of Earnings," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(1), pages 53-83, March.
  10. Habib Jouber & Hamadi Fakhfakh, 2011. "Does CEOs Performance-based Compensation Waits on Shareholders? A Cross National Analysis," International Journal of Business Administration, International Journal of Business Administration, Sciedu Press, vol. 2(3), pages 68-82, August.
  11. Carola Frydman & Dirk Jenter, 2010. "CEO Compensation," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 2(1), pages 75-102, December.
  12. Alexander Brüggen & Jens Zehnder, 2014. "SG&A cost stickiness and equity-based executive compensation: does empire building matter?," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 25(3), pages 169-192, December.
  13. Zeng, Yongliang & Zhao, Xiangfang & Zhu, Yiwen, 2023. "Equity incentives and ESG performance: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PC).
  14. Humphery-Jenner, M., 2011. "Internal and External Discipline Following Securities Class Actions," Other publications TiSEM 9bcb5c91-4bab-431f-9891-1, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
  15. Steven Balsam & Jennifer Yin, 2013. "The Impact of Say-on-Pay on Executive Compensation," Working Papers 0196acc, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio.
  16. Chaigneau, Pierre, 2013. "Explaining the structure of CEO incentive pay with decreasing relative risk aversion," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 4-23.
  17. Alessandri, Todd M. & Mammen, Jan & Eddleston, Kimberly, 2018. "Managerial incentives, myopic loss aversion, and firm risk: A comparison of family and non-family firms," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 19-27.
  18. Karpavičius, Sigitas & Yu, Fan, 2019. "Managerial risk incentives and a firm’s financing policy," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 167-181.
  19. Kanyarat (Lek) Sanoran, 2022. "Lessening Effects of SOX on the Relationship between Executive Compensation Components and Cost of Equity Capital," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-12, July.
  20. Rajgopal, Shivaram & Shevlin, Terry, 2002. "Empirical evidence on the relation between stock option compensation and risk taking," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 145-171, June.
  21. Te Bao & Edward Halim & Charles N. Noussair & Yohanes E. Riyanto, 2021. "Managerial incentives and stock price dynamics: an experimental approach," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 24(2), pages 617-648, June.
  22. Hutchinson, Marion & A Gul, Ferdinand, 2006. "The effects of executive share options and investment opportunities on firms’ accounting performance: Some Australian evidence," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 277-297.
  23. Uchida, Konari, 2006. "Determinants of stock option use by Japanese companies," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 251-269.
  24. Canarella, Giorgio & Miller, Stephen M., 2018. "The determinants of growth in the U.S. information and communication technology (ICT) industry: A firm-level analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 259-271.
  25. Shahbaz Sheikh, 2012. "Do CEO compensation incentives affect firm innovation?," Review of Accounting and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 11(1), pages 4-39, February.
  26. Supanvanij, Janikan & Strauss, Jack, 2010. "Corporate derivative use and the composition of CEO compensation," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 170-185.
  27. Karpavičius, Sigitas & Yu, Fan, 2018. "The impact of dividend-protected CEO equity incentives on firm value and risk," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 16-24.
  28. Imes, Matthew & Anderson, Ronald, 2021. "Executive risk-taking and the agency cost of debt," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 78-94.
  29. Nohel, Tom & Todd, Steven, 2005. "Compensation for managers with career concerns: the role of stock options in optimal contracts," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 11(1-2), pages 229-251, March.
  30. Francis, Bill & Hasan, Iftekhar & Li, Lingxiang, 2015. "Evidence for the existence of downward real earnings management," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 13/2015, Bank of Finland.
  31. Surjit Tinaikar, 2014. "Voluntary disclosure and ownership structure: an analysis of dual class firms," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 18(2), pages 373-417, May.
  32. Giannetti, Mariassunta, 2011. "Serial CEO incentives and the structure of managerial contracts," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 633-662, October.
  33. Chakraborty, Atreya & Gao, Lucia Silva & Sheikh, Shahbaz, 2019. "Managerial risk taking incentives, corporate social responsibility and firm risk," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 58-72.
  34. Thi Bui & Andrew Ferguson & Peter Lam, 2021. "CEO compensation in early‐stage firms: Rewards for prospectivity and survival," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(5-6), pages 895-928, May.
  35. Ali Saleh Ahmed Alarussi, 2021. "Effectiveness, Efficiency and Executive Directors’ Compensation Among Listed Companies in Malaysia," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(4), pages 21582440211, October.
  36. Athanasakou, Vasiliki & Ferreira, Daniel & Goh, Lisa, 2022. "Changes in CEO stock option grants: a look at the numbers," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 115609, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  37. Ortiz-Molina, Hernan, 2007. "Executive compensation and capital structure: The effects of convertible debt and straight debt on CEO pay," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 69-93, March.
  38. Mahroo Irani & Mahroo Irani & Mehdi Safari Gerayeli, 2017. "Relationship between Corporate Governance and CEO Compensation among Listed Firms in Tehran Stock Exchange," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 7(1), pages 285-292.
  39. Ferreira, Daniel & Athanasakou, Vasiliki & Goh, Lisa, 2017. "Changes in CEO Stock Option Grants: A Look at the Numbers," CEPR Discussion Papers 12318, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  40. Francis, Bill & Hasan, Iftekhar & Li, Lingxiang, 2015. "Evidence for the existence of downward real earnings management," Research Discussion Papers 13/2015, Bank of Finland.
  41. Chourou, Lamia & Abaoub, Ezzeddine & Saadi, Samir, 2008. "The economic determinants of CEO stock option compensation," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 61-77, February.
  42. Ghosh, Dipasri & Ghosh, Dilip K. & Zaher, Angie Abdel, 2011. "Business, ethics, and profit: Are they compatible under corporate governance in our global economy?," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 72-79.
  43. Kamiya, Shinichi & Kang, Jun-Koo & Kim, Jungmin & Milidonis, Andreas & Stulz, Rene M., 2018. "What Is the Impact of Successful Cyberattacks on Target Firms?," Working Paper Series 2018-04, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
  44. Guoping Liu & Jerry Sun, 2024. "Independent legal directors’ attitudes toward bank CEO stock option awards," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 58(1), pages 149-173, August.
  45. Peter Roosenboom & Tjalling van der Goot, 2006. "Broad-based employee stock options grants and IPO firms," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(12), pages 1343-1351.
  46. Van Dalsem, Shane, 2010. "Determinants of CEO severance contracts and their components and the effects of severance contracts on executive turnover," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 62(4), pages 257-272, July.
  47. Stanimir Morfov & Manuel Santos, 2017. "A Model of Managerial Talent: Addressing Some Puzzles in CEO Compensation," Working Papers 2017-03, University of Miami, Department of Economics.
  48. Habib Jouber, 2016. "The relationship between CEO performance-based compensation and shareholders value creation: a cross national analysis," International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 8(1), pages 1-22.
  49. Yenn-Ru Chen & Carl R. Chen & Chih-Kang Chu, 2014. "The Effect of Executive Stock Options on Corporate Innovative Activities," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 43(2), pages 271-290, June.
  50. Michal Matv{e}jka & Kenneth A. Merchant & Wim A. Van der Stede, 2009. "Employment Horizon and the Choice of Performance Measures: Empirical Evidence from Annual Bonus Plans of Loss-Making Entities," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(6), pages 890-905, June.
  51. Lin, Hsuan-Chu & Chou, Ting-Kai & Wang, Wen-Gine, 2012. "Capital structure and executive compensation contract design: A theoretical and empirical analysis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 209-224.
  52. repec:bof:bofrdp:urn:nbn:fi:bof-201508131351 is not listed on IDEAS
  53. Carla D. Jones & Phillip M. Jolly & Connor J. Lubojacky & Geoffrey P. Martin & Luis R. Gomez-Mejia, 2019. "Behavioral agency and corporate entrepreneurship: CEO equity incentives & competitive behavior," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 1017-1039, September.
  54. Antia, Murad & Pantzalis, Christos & Park, Jung Chul, 2010. "CEO decision horizon and firm performance: An empirical investigation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 288-301, June.
  55. Chen, Ni-Yun & Chen, Kun-Chih & Liu, Chi-Chun, 2019. "Debt-financed repurchases and credit ratings with the respect of free cash flow and repurchase purpose," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 23-36.
  56. McSweeney, Brendan, 2009. "The roles of financial asset market failure denial and the economic crisis: Reflections on accounting and financial theories and practices," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 34(6-7), pages 835-848, August.
  57. Kamiya, Shinichi & Kang, Jun-Koo & Kim, Jungmin & Milidonis, Andreas & Stulz, René M., 2021. "Risk management, firm reputation, and the impact of successful cyberattacks on target firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(3), pages 719-749.
  58. Gan, Huiqi & Park, Myung S. & Suh, SangHyun, 2020. "Non-financial performance measures, CEO compensation, and firms’ future value," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 213-227.
  59. Cook, Douglas O. & Chowdhury, Jaideep & Zhang, Weiwei, 2023. "Director optimism and CEO equity compensation," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 143-162.
  60. Ryan, Harley Jr. & Wiggins, Roy III, 2001. "The influence of firm- and manager-specific characteristics on the structure of executive compensation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 101-123, June.
  61. Poblete, Joaquín & Spulber, Daniel, 2017. "Managing innovation: Optimal incentive contracts for delegated R&D with double moral hazard," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 38-61.
  62. He, Zhiguo, 2011. "A model of dynamic compensation and capital structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(2), pages 351-366, May.
  63. Kuo, Chii-Shyan & Yu, Shih-Ti, 2013. "The non-uniform pricing effect of employee stock options using quantile regression," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 400-415.
  64. Elizabeth N. K. Lim, 2015. "The role of reference point in CEO restricted stock and its impact on R&D intensity in high-technology firms," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(6), pages 872-889, June.
  65. Humphery-Jenner, M., 2011. "Internal and External Discipline Following Securities Class Actions," Discussion Paper 2011-044, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
  66. Athanasakou, Vasiliki & Ferreira, Daniel & Goh, Lisa, 2022. "Changes in CEO stock option grants: A look at the numbers," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
  67. Ciaran Driver & Maria João Coelho Guedes, 2017. "R&D and CEO departure date: do financial incentives make CEOs more opportunistic?," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 26(5), pages 801-820.
  68. Paul André & M. Martin Boyer & Robert Gagné, 2002. "Do CEOs Exercise Their Stock Options Earlier than Other Executives?," CIRANO Working Papers 2002s-71, CIRANO.
  69. Chan, Chia-Ying & Chou, De-Wai & Lin, Jane-Raung & Liu, Feng-Ying, 2016. "The role of corporate governance in forecasting bankruptcy: Pre- and post-SOX enactment," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 166-188.
  70. Stephen Bryan & Robert Nash & Ajay Patel, 2010. "How the Legal System Affects the Equity Mix in Executive Compensation," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 39(1), pages 393-418, March.
  71. Bingnan Ye & Wei Liu, 2020. "How Do Institutional Investors Swell Firm Innovation: Evidence from China’s High-tech Companies," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 10(5), pages 1-2.
  72. Eisdorfer, Assaf & Giaccotto, Carmelo & White, Reilly, 2013. "Capital structure, executive compensation, and investment efficiency," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 549-562.
  73. Peiyi Yu & Bac Luu, 2016. "Bank performance and executive pay: tournament or teamwork," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 607-643, October.
  74. Humphery-Jenner, M., 2011. "Internal and External Discipline Following Securities Class Actions," Other publications TiSEM 072318eb-d214-4c7a-ac7a-d, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
  75. Humphery-Jenner, Mark L., 2012. "Internal and external discipline following securities class actions," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 151-179.
  76. repec:zbw:bofrdp:2015_013 is not listed on IDEAS
  77. repec:zbw:bofrdp:urn:nbn:fi:bof-201508131351 is not listed on IDEAS
  78. Kin Lee & Baruch Lev & Gillian Yeo, 2008. "Executive pay dispersion, corporate governance, and firm performance," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 30(3), pages 315-338, April.
  79. Chih‐Ying Chen, 2003. "Investment Opportunities and the Relation Between Equity Value and Employees’ Bonus," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(7‐8), pages 941-974, September.
  80. Goergen, Marc & Renneboog, Luc, 2011. "Managerial compensation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 1068-1077, September.
  81. Tzioumis, Konstantinos, 2008. "Why do firms adopt CEO stock options? Evidence from the United States," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 100-111, October.
  82. Hou, Wanrong & Li, Sali & Priem, Richard L., 2013. "How do CEOs matter? The moderating effects of CEO compensation and tenure on equity ownership in international joint ventures," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 138-151.
  83. Vo, Thi Thanh Nha & Canil, Jean Milva, 2019. "CEO pay disparity: Efficient contracting or managerial power?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 168-190.
  84. Sundaram, Rangarajan K. & Yermack, David, 2006. "Pay Me Later: Inside Debt and Its Role in Managerial Compensation," SIFR Research Report Series 43, Institute for Financial Research.
  85. Barron, John M. & Waddell, Glen R., 2008. "Work hard, not smart: Stock options in executive compensation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 66(3-4), pages 767-790, June.
  86. Cynthia E. Devers & Gerry McNamara & Robert M. Wiseman & Mathias Arrfelt, 2008. "Moving Closer to the Action: Examining Compensation Design Effects on Firm Risk," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 19(4), pages 548-566, August.
  87. Omar Farooque & Wonlop Buachoom & Nam Hoang, 2019. "Interactive effects of executive compensation, firm performance and corporate governance: Evidence from an Asian market," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 36(4), pages 1111-1164, December.
  88. Stephen G. Sapp, 2008. "The Impact of Corporate Governance on Executive Compensation," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 14(4), pages 710-746, September.
  89. Zhu, Chunhui & Zhang, Teng & Li, Shaoyu, 2021. "Why more restricted stocks, less stock options?--An explanation based on the preference of regulators of China?," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  90. Bryan, Stephen & Nash, Robert & Patel, Ajay, 2015. "The effect of cultural distance on contracting decisions: The case of executive compensation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 180-195.
  91. Neubecker, Leslie, 2001. "Aktienkursorientierte Management-Entlohnung: Ein Wettbewerbshemmnis im Boom?," Tübinger Diskussionsbeiträge 225, University of Tübingen, School of Business and Economics.
  92. Murad Antia & Christos Pantzalis & Jung Chul Park, 2021. "Does CEO myopia impede growth opportunities?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 1503-1535, May.
  93. Loureiro, Gilberto & Makhija, Anil K. & Zhang, Dan, 2011. "Why Do Some CEOs Work for a One-Dollary Salary?," Working Paper Series 2011-7, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
  94. Pollock, Susan & Switzer, Lorne N. & Wang, Jun, 2023. "The dynamics of CEO equity vs. inside debt and firm performance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  95. Dutta, Shantanu & MacAulay, Kenneth & Saadi, Samir, 2011. "CEO power, M&A decisions, and market reactions," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 21(5), pages 257-278.
  96. Eahab Elsaid & Wallace Davidson & Xiaoxin Wang, 2011. "CEO successor compensation: outside versus inside successions," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 15(2), pages 187-205, May.
  97. Matolcsy, Zoltan & Shan, Yaowen & Seethamraju, Vinay, 2012. "The timing of changes in CEO compensation from cash bonus to equity-based compensation: Determinants and performance consequences," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 78-91.
  98. Lai, Jung-Ho & Chen, Li-Yu & Chang, Shao-Chi, 2012. "The board mechanism and entry mode choice," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 379-392.
  99. Acrey, James Cash & McCumber, William R. & Nguyen, Thu Hien T., 2011. "CEO incentives and bank risk," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 63(5), pages 456-471, September.
  100. Chakraborti, Rajdeep & Dahiya, Sandeep & Ge, Lei & Gete, Pedro, 2024. "A model of managerial compensation, firm leverage and credit stimulus," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
  101. Hasegawa, Nobuhisa & Kim, Hyonok & Yasuda, Yukihiro, 2017. "The adoption of stock option plans and their effects on firm performance during Japan’s period of corporate governance reform," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 13-25.
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