My bibliography
Save this item
Uncertainty, Risk-taking, and the Business Cycle in Germany
Citations
Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
Cited by:
- Caldara, Dario & Fuentes-Albero, Cristina & Gilchrist, Simon & Zakrajšek, Egon, 2016.
"The macroeconomic impact of financial and uncertainty shocks,"
European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 185-207.
- Dario Caldara & Cristina Fuentes-Albero & Simon Gilchrist & Egon Zakrajšek, 2016. "The Macroeconomic Impact of Financial and Uncertainty Shocks," NBER Working Papers 22058, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Dario Caldara & Cristina Fuentes-Albero & Simon Gilchrist & Egon Zakrajšek, 2016. "The Macroeconomic Impact of Financial and Uncertainty Shocks," International Finance Discussion Papers 1166, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
- Bekaert, Geert & Hoerova, Marie & Lo Duca, Marco, 2013.
"Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy,"
Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(7), pages 771-788.
- Geert Bekaert & Marie Hoerova, 2010. "Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy," Research Bulletin, European Central Bank, vol. 10, pages 11-13.
- Bekaert, Geert & Lo Duca, Marco & Hoerova, Marie, 2010. "Risk, Uncertainty and Monetary Policy," CEPR Discussion Papers 8154, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Lo Duca, Marco & Hoerova, Marie & Bekaert, Geert, 2013. "Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy," Working Paper Series 1565, European Central Bank.
- Geert Bekaert & Marie Hoerova & Marco Lo Duca, 2012. "Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy," Working Paper Research 229, National Bank of Belgium.
- Geert Bekaert & Marie Hoerova & Marco Lo Duca, 2010. "Risk, Uncertainty and Monetary Policy," NBER Working Papers 16397, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Aye, Goodness C. & Balcilar, Mehmet & El Montasser, Ghassen & Gupta, Rangan & Manjez, Nangamso C., 2016. "Can debt ceiling and government shutdown predict us real stock returns? A bootstrap rolling window approach. - Gli effetti sui rendimenti azionari reali negli USA del tetto del debito pubblico e del b," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 69(1), pages 11-32.
- Salzmann, Leonard, 2020. "The Impact of Uncertainty and Financial Shocks in Recessions and Booms," VfS Annual Conference 2020 (Virtual Conference): Gender Economics 224588, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
- Binge, Laurie H. & Boshoff, Willem H., 2020. "Economic uncertainty in South Africa," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 113-131.
- Ambrogio Cesa-Bianchi & M. Hashem Pesaran & Alessandro Rebucci, 2014.
"Uncertainty and Economic Activity: A Global Perspective,"
CESifo Working Paper Series
4736, CESifo Group Munich.
- Ambrogio Cesa-Bianchi & M. Hashem Pesaran & Alessandro Rebucci, 2014. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: A Global Perspective," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 86257, Inter-American Development Bank.
- Hashem Pesaran & Ambrogio Cesa-Bianchi & Alessandro Rebucci, 2014. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: A Global Perspective," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1407, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
- Nkwoma John Inekwe, 2016. "Financial uncertainty, risk aversion and monetary policy," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 51(3), pages 939-961, November.
- Inekwe John Nkwoma, 2014. "Business Cycle Variability and Growth Linkage," Monash Economics Working Papers 38-14, Monash University, Department of Economics.
- Alessandri, Piergiorgio & Mumtaz, Haroon, 2019. "Financial regimes and uncertainty shocks," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 31-46.
- Piergiorgio Alessandri & Haroon Mumtaz, 2014. "Financial Regimes and Uncertainty Shocks," Working Papers 729, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
- Piergiorgio Alessandri & Haroon Mumtaz, 2014. "Financial regimes and uncertainty shocks," BCAM Working Papers 1404, Birkbeck Centre for Applied Macroeconomics.
- Popp, Aaron & Zhang, Fang, 2016. "The macroeconomic effects of uncertainty shocks: The role of the financial channel," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 319-349.
- Alina Bobasu & Lucia Quaglietti & Martino Ricci, 2024. "Tracking Global Economic Uncertainty: Implications for the Euro Area," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 72(2), pages 820-857, June.
- Bobasu, Alina & Geis, André & Quaglietti, Lucia & Ricci, Martino, 2021. "Tracking global economic uncertainty: implications for the euro area," Working Paper Series 2541, European Central Bank.
- Jae Sim & Egon Zakrajsek & Simon Gilchrist, 2010. "Uncertainty, Financial Frictions, and Investment Dynamics," 2010 Meeting Papers 1285, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Simon Gilchrist & Jae W. Sim & Egon Zakrajšek, 2014. "Uncertainty, Financial Frictions, and Investment Dynamics," NBER Working Papers 20038, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Simon Gilchrist & Jae W. Sim & Egon Zakrajšek, 2014. "Uncertainty, Financial Frictions, and Investment Dynamics," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2014-69, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
- Mehmet Balcilar & Rangan Gupta & Theshne Kisten, 2021. "The impact of uncertainty shocks in South Africa: The role of financial regimes," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 39(4), pages 442-454, October.
- Mehmet Balcilar & Rangan Gupta & Theshne Kisten, 2020. "The Impact of Uncertainty Shocks in South Africa: The Role of Financial Regimes," Working Papers 202046, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
- Bussiere Matthieu & Chudik Alexander & Mehl Arnaud, 2013. "How have global shocks impacted the real effective exchange rates of individual euro area countries since the euro’s creation?," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 13(1), pages 1-48, April.
- Matthieu Bussiere & Alexander Chudik & Arnaud Mehl, 2011. "How have global shocks impacted the real effective exchange rates of individual Euro area countries since the Euro's creation?," Globalization Institute Working Papers 102, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
- Bussière, M. & Chudik, A. & Mehl, A., 2011. "How have global shocks impacted the real effective exchange rates of individual euro area countries since the euro's creation?," Working papers 336, Banque de France.
- Francesco Furlanetto & Francesco Ravazzolo & Samad Sarferaz, 2019. "Identification of Financial Factors in Economic Fluctuations," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 129(617), pages 311-337.
- Francesco Furlanetto & Francesco Ravazzolo & Samad Sarferaz, 2014. "Identification of financial factors in economic fluctuations," Working Paper 2014/09, Norges Bank.
- Francesco Furlanetto & Francesco Ravazzolo & Samad Sarferaz, 2014. "Identification of financial factors in economic fluctuations," KOF Working papers 14-364, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich.
- Scott R Baker & Nicholas Bloom & Stephen J Terry, 2024. "Using Disasters to Estimate the Impact of Uncertainty," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 91(2), pages 720-747.
- Scott R. Baker & Nicholas Bloom & Stephen J. Terry, 2020. "Using Disasters to Estimate the Impact of Uncertainty," NBER Working Papers 27167, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- H. Dewachter & G. de Walque & M. Emiris & P. Ilbas & J. Mitchell & R. Wouters, 2012. "Endogenous financial risk : The seventh international conference of the NBB," Economic Review, National Bank of Belgium, issue iii, pages 135-146, December.
- Chris Redl, 2018. "Macroeconomic Uncertainty in South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 86(3), pages 361-380, September.
- Chris Redl, 2015. "Macroeconomic Uncertainty in South Africa," Working Papers 509, Economic Research Southern Africa.
- R?diger Bachmann & Steffen Elstner & Eric R. Sims, 2013. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: Evidence from Business Survey Data," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 5(2), pages 217-249, April.
- Steffen Elstner & Eric Sims & Ruediger Bachmann, 2010. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: Evidence from Business Survey Data," 2010 Meeting Papers 614, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Eric R. Sims, 2012. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: Evidence from Business Survey Data," Working Papers 014, University of Notre Dame, Department of Economics, revised Jun 2012.
- Ruediger Bachmann & Steffen Elstner & Eric R. Sims, 2010. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: Evidence from Business Survey Data," NBER Working Papers 16143, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Gieseck Arne & Largent Yannis, 2016. "The Impact of Macroeconomic Uncertainty on Activity in the Euro Area," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 67(1), pages 25-52, May.
- Yin, Hong & Chang, Long & Wang, Shu, 2023. "The impact of China's economic uncertainty on commodity and financial markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
- Magnus Reif, 2020. "Macroeconomics, Nonlinearities, and the Business Cycle," ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 87.
- Angelini, Giovanni & Costantini, Mauro & Easaw, Joshy, 2018. "Uncertainty and spillover effects across the Euro area," Cardiff Economics Working Papers E2018/15, Cardiff University, Cardiff Business School, Economics Section.
- Angelini, Giovanni & Costantini, Mauro & Easaw, Joshy, 2018. "Uncertainty and spillover effects across the Euro area," Cardiff Economics Working Papers E2018/15, Cardiff University, Cardiff Business School, Economics Section.
- Degiannakis, Stavros & Filis, George & Panagiotakopoulou, Sofia, 2018. "Oil price shocks and uncertainty: How stable is their relationship over time?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 42-53.
- Degiannakis, Stavros & Filis, George & Panagiotakopoulou, Sofia, 2018. "Oil Price Shocks and Uncertainty: How stable is their relationship over time?," MPRA Paper 96271, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Stavros Degiannakis & George Filis & Sofia Panagiotakopoulou, 2018. "Oil Price Shocks and Uncertainty: How stable is their relationship over time?," BAFES Working Papers BAFES13, Department of Accounting, Finance & Economic, Bournemouth University.
- Ambrogio Cesa-Bianchi & M Hashem Pesaran & Alessandro Rebucci & Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, 2020. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: A Multicountry Perspective," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(8), pages 3393-3445.
- Rebucci, Alessandro & Cesa-Bianchi, Ambrogio & Pesaran, M. Hashem, 2018. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: A Multi-Country Perspective," CEPR Discussion Papers 12713, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Ambrogio Cesa-Bianchi & M. Hashem Pesaran & Alessandro Rebucci, 2018. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: A Multi-Country Perspective," NBER Working Papers 24325, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Ambrogio Cesa-Bianchi & M. Hashem Pesaran & Alessandro Rebucci, 2018. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: A Multi-Country Perspective," CESifo Working Paper Series 6910, CESifo.
- Cesa-Bianchi, Ambrogio & Pesaran, M Hashem & Rebucci, Alessandro, 2018. "Uncertainty and economic activity: a multi-country perspective," Bank of England working papers 730, Bank of England.
- Christian Grimme & Marc Stöckli, 2017. "Makroökonomische Unsicherheit in Deutschland," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 70(06), pages 41-50, March.
- Alena Audzeyeva & Xu Wang, 2023. "Fundamentals, real-time uncertainty and CDS index spreads," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 1-33, July.
- Born, Benjamin & Pfeifer, Johannes, 2014. "Policy risk and the business cycle," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 68-85.
- Born, Benjamin & Peifer, Johannes, 2011. "Policy Risk and the Business Cycle," Bonn Econ Discussion Papers 06/2011, University of Bonn, Bonn Graduate School of Economics (BGSE).
- Benjamin Born & Johannes Pfeifer, 2013. "Policy Risk and the Business Cycle," CESifo Working Paper Series 4336, CESifo.
- Kristin Heinemann & Bernhard Zwergel & Stefan Gold & Stefan Seuring & Christian Klein, 2018. "Exploring the Supply-Demand-Discrepancy of Sustainable Financial Products in Germany from a Financial Advisor’s Point of View," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-20, March.
- Claeys, Peter & Vašíček, Bořek, 2019. "Transmission of uncertainty shocks: Learning from heterogeneous responses on a panel of EU countries," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 62-83.
- Peter Claeys & Borek Vasicek, 2017. "Transmission of Uncertainty Shocks: Learning from Heterogeneous Responses on a Panel of EU Countries," Working Papers 2017/13, Czech National Bank.
- Redl, Chris, 2020. "Uncertainty matters: Evidence from close elections," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
- Chris Redl, 2019. "Uncertainty Matters: Evidence from Close Elections," NBER Chapters, in: NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 2019, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Redl, Chris, 2018. "Uncertainty matters: evidence from close elections," Bank of England working papers 722, Bank of England.
- López-Pérez, Víctor, 2016. "Does uncertainty affect non-response to the European Central Bank's survey of professional forecasters?," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 10, pages 1-47.
- Amine Ben Amar & Jean‐Étienne Carlotti, 2021. "Who drives the dance? Further insights from a time‐frequency wavelet analysis of the interrelationship between stock markets and uncertainty," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 1623-1636, January.
- Pellegrino, Giovanni, 2018. "Uncertainty and the real effects of monetary policy shocks in the Euro area," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 177-181.
- Giovanni Pellegrino, 2017. "Uncertainty and the Real Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks in the Euro Area," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series wp2017n15, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.
- repec:ces:ifofor:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:46-50 is not listed on IDEAS
- BELAÏD, Fateh & Elsayed, Ahmed H. & Omri, Anis, 2021. "Key drivers of renewable energy deployment in the MENA Region: Empirical evidence using panel quantile regression," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 225-238.
- Fateh Belaïd & Ahmed Elsayed & Anis Omri, 2021. "Key drivers of renewable energy deployment in the MENA Region: Empirical evidence using panel quantile regression," Post-Print hal-03272568, HAL.
- Reif Magnus, 2021. "Macroeconomic uncertainty and forecasting macroeconomic aggregates," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 25(2), pages 1-20, April.
- Magnus Reif, 2018. "Macroeconomic Uncertainty and Forecasting Macroeconomic Aggregates," ifo Working Paper Series 265, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
- Kovalenko, Tim, 2021. "Uncertainty shocks and employment fluctuations in Germany: The role of establishment size," Discussion Papers 119, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics.
- Rodrigo Cerda & Álvaro Silva & José Tomás Valente, 2018. "Impact of economic uncertainty in a small open economy: the case of Chile," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(26), pages 2894-2908, June.
- Redl, Chris, 2015. "Noisy news and exchange rates: A SVAR approach," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 150-171.
- Grimme, Christian, 2017. "Uncertainty and the Cost of Bank vs. Bond Finance," MPRA Paper 79852, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Christian Grimme, 2019. "Uncertainty and the Cost of Bank vs. Bond Finance," CESifo Working Paper Series 7456, CESifo.
- Valeriu Nalban & Andra Smadu, 2020. "Financial disruptions and heightened uncertainty: a case for timely policy action," Working Papers 687, DNB.
- Nalban, Valeriu & Smădu, Andra, 2021. "Asymmetric effects of uncertainty shocks: Normal times and financial disruptions are different," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
- Fateh Belaid & Ahmed H. Elsayed, 2019. "What drives renewable energy production in MENA Region? Investigating the roles of political stability, governance and financial sector," Working Papers 1322, Economic Research Forum, revised 21 Aug 2019.
- Saygin Sahinoz & Evren Erdogan Cosar, 2020. "Quantifying uncertainty and identifying its impacts on the Turkish economy," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 47(2), pages 365-387, May.
- Evren Erdogan Cosar & Sayg�n Sahinoz, 2018. "Quantifying Uncertainty and Identifying its Impacts on the Turkish Economy," Working Papers 1806, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey.
- Jin, Yi & Zeng, Zhixiong, 2016. "Risk, risk aversion, and a finance-augmented neoclassical economic model of production," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 82-91.
- María Gil & Javier J. Pérez & Alberto Urtasun, 2019. "Nowcasting private consumption: traditional indicators, uncertainty measures, credit cards and some internet data," IFC Bulletins chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), The use of big data analytics and artificial intelligence in central banking, volume 50, Bank for International Settlements.
- María Gil & Javier J. Pérez & A. Jesús Sánchez & Alberto Urtasun, 2018. "Nowcasting private consumption: traditional indicators, uncertainty measures, credit cards and some internet data," Working Papers 1842, Banco de España.
- Kim, Youngju & Lim, Hyunjoon & Sohn, Wook, 2020. "Which external shock matters in small open economies? Global risk aversion vs. US economic policy uncertainty," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
- Mehmet Balcilar & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir, 2020. "A re-examination of growth and growth uncertainty relationship in a stochastic volatility in the mean model with time-varying parameters," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 47(3), pages 611-641, August.
- Mehmet Balcilar & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir, 2017. "A re-examination of growth and growth uncertainty relationship in a stochastic volatility in mean model with time-varying parameters," Working Papers 15-32, Eastern Mediterranean University, Department of Economics.
- Baker, Scott R. & Bloom, Nicholas, 2013. "Does uncertainty reduce growth? Using disasters as natural experiments," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 121906, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Scott R. Baker & Nicholas Bloom, 2013. "Does Uncertainty Reduce Growth? Using Disasters as Natural Experiments," NBER Working Papers 19475, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Scott R. Baker & Nicholas Bloom, 2013. "Does Uncertainty Reduce Growth? Using Disasters as Natural Experiments," CEP Discussion Papers dp1243, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
- Hashem Pesaran & Ambrogio Cesa-Bianchi & Alessandro Rebucci, 2014. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: A Global Perspective," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1407, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
- Cesa-Bianchi, Ambrogio & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Rebucci, Alessandro, 2014. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: A Global Perspective," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 6605, Inter-American Development Bank.
- Ambrogio Cesa-Bianchi & M. Hashem Pesaran & Alessandro Rebucci, 2014. "Uncertainty and Economic Activity: A Global Perspective," CESifo Working Paper Series 4736, CESifo.
- Alessandri, Piergiorgio & Mumtaz, Haroon, 2019. "Financial regimes and uncertainty shocks," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 31-46.
- Piergiorgio Alessandri & Haroon Mumtaz, 2014. "Financial regimes and uncertainty shocks," BCAM Working Papers 1404, Birkbeck Centre for Applied Macroeconomics.
- Piergiorgio Alessandri & Haroon Mumtaz, 2014. "Financial Regimes and Uncertainty Shocks," Working Papers 729, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
- Piergiorgio Alessandri & Haroon Mumtaz, 2014. "Financial Regimes and Uncertainty Shocks," Working Papers 729, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
- John Nkwoma Inekwe, 2020. "Market uncertainty, risk aversion, and macroeconomic expectations," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 1977-1995, October.
- Entorf, Horst & Knoll, Christian & Sattarova, Liliya, 2011. "Measuring confidence and uncertainty during the financial crisis: Evidence from the CFS survey," CFS Working Paper Series 2010/18, Center for Financial Studies (CFS).
- Anh Nguyen, 2015. "Financial frictions and the volatility of monetary policy in a DSGE model," Working Papers 75949436, Lancaster University Management School, Economics Department.
- Joris de Wind & Katarzyna Grabska, 2016. "The Impact of Uncertainty Shocks: Continental Europe versus the Anglo-Saxon World," CPB Discussion Paper 335.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
- Stefan Sauer & Klaus Wohlrabe, 2020. "ifo Handbuch der Konjunkturumfragen," ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 88.
- Tim Kovalenko, 2021. "Uncertainty shocks and employment fluctuations in Germany: the role of establishment size," Working Papers 212, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE).
- Simon Gilchrist & Egon Zakrajsek & Cristina Fuentes Albero & Dario Caldara, 2013. "On the Identification of Financial and Uncertainty Shocks," 2013 Meeting Papers 965, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Youngju Kim & Hyunjoon Lim, 2018. "Which External Shock Matters in Small Open Economies? US Economic Policy Uncertainty vs. Global Risk Aversion," Working Papers 2018-29, Economic Research Institute, Bank of Korea.
- Joris de Wind & Katarzyna Grabska, 2016. "The Impact of Uncertainty Shocks: Continental Europe versus the Anglo-Saxon World," CPB Discussion Paper 335, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
- Salzmann, Leonard, 2019. "The Impact of Uncertainty and Financial Shocks in Recessions and Booms," EconStor Preprints 206691, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.