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On the Association between Operating Leverage and Risk

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  1. Chung, Chune Young & Hur, Seok-Kyun & Wang, Kainan, 2017. "Strategic merger decisions across business cycles: Evidence from bidders' time-varying appetite for operating leverage," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 143-158.
  2. Galloway, Tina M. & Lee, Winson B. & Roden, Dianne M., 1997. "Banks' changing incentives and opportunities for risk taking," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 509-527, April.
  3. Shahwali Khan & Michael E. Bradbury & Steven Cahan, 2016. "The volatility of comprehensive income and its association with market risk," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 56(3), pages 727-748, September.
  4. Toms, J.S., 2010. "The labour theory of value, risk and the rate of profit," CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ACCOUNTING, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 96-103.
  5. Bouvard, Matthieu & de Motta, Adolfo, 2021. "Labor leverage, coordination failures, and aggregate risk," TSE Working Papers 21-1179, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
  6. Donangelo, Andres & Gourio, François & Kehrig, Matthias & Palacios, Miguel, 2019. "The cross-section of labor leverage and equity returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(2), pages 497-518.
  7. Gwangheon Hong & Sudipto Sarkar, 2007. "Equity Systematic Risk (Beta) and Its Determinants," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(2), pages 423-466, June.
  8. Winston Wei Dou & Yan Ji & David Reibstein & Wei Wu, 2021. "Inalienable Customer Capital, Corporate Liquidity, and Stock Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(1), pages 211-265, February.
  9. de Ridder, Maarten, 2019. "Market power and innovation in the intangible economy," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 100946, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  10. Abdoh, Hussein & Varela, Oscar, 2017. "Product market competition, idiosyncratic and systematic volatility," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 500-513.
  11. David Johnstone, 2020. "Fama's Ratio and the Effect of Operating Leverage on the Cost of Capital Under CAPM," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 56(2), pages 268-287, June.
  12. Anders Johansson, 2009. "An analysis of dynamic risk in the Greater China equity markets," Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(3), pages 299-320.
  13. Qizhi Tao & Zohaib Zahid & Azhar Mughal & Farrukh Shahzad, 2022. "Does operating leverage increase firm's profitability and bankruptcy risk? Evidence from China's entry into WTO," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(4), pages 4705-4721, October.
  14. Roi D. Taussig & Sagi Akron, 2017. "Returns to scale, operating leverage, and expected stock returns," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 7(1), pages 141-155, April.
  15. Aharon, David Y. & Kroll, Yoram & Riff, Sivan, 2023. "Modified degree of operating leverage risk measure," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
  16. Karel Janda, 2019. "Earnings Stability and Peer Company Selection for Multiple Based Indirect Valuation," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 69(1), pages 37-75, February.
  17. Lee, Cheng-Few & Chen, K. C. & Liaw, K. Thomas, 1995. "Systematic risk, wage rates, and factor substitution," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 267-279, August.
  18. Kothari, S. P., 2001. "Capital markets research in accounting," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(1-3), pages 105-231, September.
  19. Nicolas Piluso & Gabriel Colletis, 2012. "Shareholder value and equilibrium rate of unemployment," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 32(4), pages 3233-3242.
  20. Albuquerque, Ana, 2009. "Peer firms in relative performance evaluation," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 69-89, October.
  21. Dodig, Nina & Herr, Hansjörg, 2015. "Theories of finance and financial crisis: Lessons for the Great Recession," IPE Working Papers 48/2015, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE).
  22. Jaideep Shenoy, 2021. "Firm vertical boundaries, internal capital markets, and firm performance," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 27(1), pages 59-97, January.
  23. Michael S. Rozeff, 1982. "Growth, Beta And Agency Costs As Determinants Of Dividend Payout Ratios," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 5(3), pages 249-259, September.
  24. Sanjeev Dewan & Fei Ren, 2007. "Risk and Return of Information Technology Initiatives: Evidence from Electronic Commerce Announcements," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 18(4), pages 370-394, December.
  25. Yin, Libo & Lu, Man, 2022. "Oil uncertainty and firms' risk-taking," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
  26. Jeffrey L. Callen & Mindy Morel & Chris Fader, 2003. "The profitability-risk tradeoff of just-in-time manufacturing technologies," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(5), pages 393-402.
  27. Bouvard, Matthieu & de Motta, Adolfo, 2021. "Labor leverage, coordination failures, and aggregate risk," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(3), pages 1229-1252.
  28. Leung, Woon Sau & Mazouz, Khelifa & Chen, Jie & Wood, Geoffrey, 2018. "Organization capital, labor market flexibility, and stock returns around the world," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 150-168.
  29. Kiewiet, Gera & van Lelyveld, Iman Paul Pieter & van Wijnbergen, Sweder, 2017. "Contingent Convertibles: Can the Market handle them?," CEPR Discussion Papers 12359, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  30. Lee, Shih-Cheng & Lin, Chien-Ting, 2012. "Book-to-market equity, operating risk, and asset correlations: Implications for Basel capital requirement," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 973-989.
  31. Ahmad, Ali & Ramana, M.V., 2014. "Too costly to matter: Economics of nuclear power for Saudi Arabia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 682-694.
  32. Zhang, Mingming & Tao, Qizhi & Shen, Fei & Li, Ziyang, 2022. "Social capital and CEO involuntary turnover," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 338-354.
  33. Elijah Brewer & William C. Hunter & William E. Jackson, 2004. "Investment opportunity set, product mix, and the relationship between bank CEO compensation and risk-taking," FRB Atlanta Working Paper 2004-36, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
  34. Hafiz Muhammad Zia ul haq & Muhammad Sohail Shafiq & Muhammad Kashif & Saba Ameer, 2020. "Determining Force behind Value Premium: The Case of Financial Leverage and Operating Leverage," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, September.
  35. Ole-Kristian Hope & Danqi Hu & Hai Lu, 2016. "The benefits of specific risk-factor disclosures," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 1005-1045, December.
  36. Atif Ellahie, 2021. "Earnings beta," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 81-122, March.
  37. Serfling, Matthew A., 2014. "CEO age and the riskiness of corporate policies," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 251-273.
  38. Abdelsalam, Omneya & Chantziaras, Antonios & Batten, Jonathan A. & Aysan, Ahmet Faruk, 2021. "Major shareholders’ trust and market risk: Substituting weak institutions with trust," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
  39. Kallunki, Juha-Pekka, 1997. "Using accounting variables as instrumental risk measures in event studies: evidence from a thinly traded stock market," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 189-202, October.
  40. Tobias Binz, 2020. "How do firm and market characteristics affect airports’ Beta risk?," Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, , vol. 21(3), pages 297-312, September.
  41. Figen Gunes Dogan, 2016. "Non†cancellable Operating Leases and Operating Leverage," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 22(4), pages 576-612, September.
  42. Cao, Viet Nga, 2015. "What explains the value premium? The case of adjustment costs, operating leverage and financial leverage," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 350-366.
  43. Naz Sayari & Bill Marcum, 2018. "Do US Corporate Governance Standards Effectively Discourage Risk in the Emerging Markets?," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 28(2), pages 167-185, June.
  44. Terjesen, Siri A. & João Guedes, Maria & Patel, Pankaj C., 2016. "Founded in adversity: Operations-based survival strategies of ventures founded during a recession," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 161-169.
  45. Matthieu Bouvard & Adolfo de Motta, 2021. "Labor leverage, coordination failures, and aggregate risk," Post-Print hal-03524121, HAL.
  46. Chang, Xin & Cheng, Louis T.W. & Kwok, Wing Chun & Wong, George, 2024. "Stock price crash risk and firms’ operating leverage," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  47. Iachan, Felipe S. & Silva, Dejanir & Zi, Chao, 2022. "Under-diversification and idiosyncratic risk externalities," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(3), pages 1227-1250.
  48. Drobetz, Wolfgang & Menzel, Christina & Schröder, Henning, 2016. "Systematic risk behavior in cyclical industries: The case of shipping," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 129-145.
  49. Alexander Peter Groh & Oliver Gottschalg, 2008. "The Opportunity Cost of Capital of US Buyouts," NBER Working Papers 14148, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  50. Karen L. Sedatole & Dimitris Vrettos & Sally K. Widener, 2012. "The Use of Management Control Mechanisms to Mitigate Moral Hazard in the Decision to Outsource," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(2), pages 553-592, May.
  51. Darrat, Ali F. & Mukherjee, Tarun K., 1995. "Inter-industry differences and the impact of operating and financial leverages on equity risk," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 141-155.
  52. Geoffrey Martin & Remzi Gözübüyük & Manuel Becerra, 2015. "Interlocks and firm performance: The role of uncertainty in the directorate interlock-performance relationship," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(2), pages 235-253, February.
  53. Chen, Zhongfei & Xiao, Yu & Jiang, Kangqi, 2023. "The impact of tax reform on firms' digitalization in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
  54. Sarmiento-Sabogal, Julio & Sadeghi, Mehdi, 2014. "Unlevered betas and the cost of equity capital: An empirical approach," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 90-105.
  55. Alfredo Grau & Araceli Reig, 2021. "Operating leverage and profitability of SMEs: agri-food industry in Europe," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 221-242, June.
  56. Udayakumari Vidhyasagara Menon, 2016. "Impact of Capital Structure on Stock Prices: Evidence from Oman," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(9), pages 249-257, September.
  57. Groh, Alexander P. & Gottschalg, Oliver, 2009. "The opportunity cost of capital of US buyouts," IESE Research Papers D/780, IESE Business School.
  58. Feng, Cong & Fay, Scott, 2020. "Store Closings and Retailer Profitability: A Contingency Perspective," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 96(3), pages 411-433.
  59. Graeme Guthrie, 2014. "Real Options And The Cross-Section Of Expected Stock Returns," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 265-283, April.
  60. Wulung Li & Ramachandran Natarajan & Yan Zhao & Kenneth Zheng, 2021. "The effect of management control mechanisms through risk-taking incentives on asymmetric cost behavior," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 219-243, January.
  61. Roi D. Taussig, 2017. "Stickiness of employee expenses and implications for stock returns," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 7(2), pages 297-309, August.
  62. Steven Stelk & Sang‐Hyun Park & Simon Medcalfe & Michael T. Dugan, 2018. "An additional analysis of estimation techniques for the degree of financial leverage," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(3), pages 220-231, July.
  63. Jennifer Brown & David A. Matsa, 2016. "Boarding a Sinking Ship? An Investigation of Job Applications to Distressed Firms," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 71(2), pages 507-550, April.
  64. Arnab Bhattacharjee & Chris Higson & Sean Holly, 2015. "Operating Leverage over the Business Cycle," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1535, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
  65. Guthrie, Graeme, 2011. "A note on operating leverage and expected rates of return," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 88-100, June.
  66. Pascal Nguyen & Sophie Nivoix, 2009. "The effect of group affiliation on the risk-taking of Japanese firms," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(2), pages 135-146.
  67. Jonathan A. Christy & Zoltan P. Matolcsy & Anna Wright & Anne Wyatt, 2013. "Do Board Characteristics Influence the Shareholders' Assessment of Risk for Small and Large Firms?," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 49(2), pages 161-196, June.
  68. David Aboody & Shai Levi & Dan Weiss, 2018. "Managerial incentives, options, and cost-structure choices," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 422-451, June.
  69. Steven Toms, 2014. "Accounting-based Risk Management and the Capital Asset Pricing Model: An Empirical Comparison," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 24(2), pages 127-133, June.
  70. Mohsni, Sana & Otchere, Isaac, 2014. "Risk taking behavior of privatized banks," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 122-142.
  71. Ali F. Darrat & Tarun K. Mukherjee, 1995. "Inter‐industry differences and the impact of operating and financial leverages on equity risk," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 4(2), pages 141-155, March.
  72. Arnab Bhattacharjee & Chris Higson & Sean Holly, 2014. "Asymmetric Price Adjustment, Sticky Costs and Operating Leverage over the Business Cycle," SEEC Discussion Papers 1402, Spatial Economics and Econometrics Centre, Heriot Watt University.
  73. Cho, Wonho & Kim, Yongjun, 2024. "Labor leverage and firm risk: Evidence from Korea," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  74. Luis García‐Feijóo & Randy D. Jorgensen, 2010. "Can Operating Leverage Be the Cause of the Value Premium?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 39(3), pages 1127-1154, September.
  75. Tobias Schlueter & Soenke Sievers, 2014. "Determinants of market beta: the impacts of firm-specific accounting figures and market conditions," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 535-570, April.
  76. Grant Pollard, 2005. "The Cost Decision: A New Discount Approach for Net Cost Projects," School of Economics and Finance Discussion Papers and Working Papers Series 199, School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology.
  77. Fabrizio Battisti & Orazio Campo, 2019. "A Methodology for Determining the Profitability Index of Real Estate Initiatives Involving Public–Private Partnerships. A Case Study: The Integrated Intervention Programs in Rome," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-22, March.
  78. Cho, Thummim, 2018. "Turning alphas into betas: arbitrage and the cross-section of risk," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 118915, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  79. Eckles, David L. & Hoyt, Robert E. & Miller, Steve M., 2014. "Reprint of: The impact of enterprise risk management on the marginal cost of reducing risk: Evidence from the insurance industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 409-423.
  80. el Alaoui, AbdelKader Ouatik & Bacha, Obiyathulla Ismath & Masih, Mansur & Asutay, Mehmet, 2016. "Shari’ah screening, market risk and contagion: A multi-country analysis," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 132(S), pages 93-112.
  81. Jinseon Seo & Woosuk Choi, 2021. "Classification of co‐operative member shares as equity or liabilities: The case of consumer co‐operatives in South Korea," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 92(2), pages 283-305, June.
  82. Ho, Kung-Cheng & Lee, Shih-Cheng & Chen, Jiun-Lin, 2022. "Book-to-market equity and asset correlations—An international study," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 258-274.
  83. Luis García‐Feijóo & Benjamin A. Jansen, 2023. "International evidence on the association of leverage with stock returns and the value premium," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 58(2), pages 315-341, May.
  84. Eckles, David L. & Hoyt, Robert E. & Miller, Steve M., 2014. "The impact of enterprise risk management on the marginal cost of reducing risk: Evidence from the insurance industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 247-261.
  85. Sarkar, Sudipto, 2018. "Optimal DOL (degree of operating leverage) with investment and production flexibility," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 172-181.
  86. Hui Tan & Xinhua Zhang & Lili Zeng, 2023. "Operating Leverage, Equity Incentive, and Enterprise Research and Development Investment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, April.
  87. Deephouse, David L. & Wiseman, Robert M., 2000. "Comparing alternative explanations for accounting risk-return relations," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 42(4), pages 463-482, August.
  88. Manuel L. Jose & Jerry L Stevens, 1987. "Product Market Structure, Capital Intensity, And Systematic Risk: Empirical Results From The Theory Of The Firm," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 10(2), pages 161-175, June.
  89. Trabert, Sebastian, 2023. "Do younger CEOs really increase firm risk? Evidence from sudden CEO deaths," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
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