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Der Pfad in die Abhängigkeit? Eine kritische Bewertung institutionalistischer Beiträge in der Transformationsdebatte

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  • Bohle, Dorothee

Abstract

Der Essay zielt auf eine kritische Bewertung des Beitrags institutionalistischer Ansätze in der sozioökonomischen Transformationsdebatte. Diese Ansätze interessieren sich für die konkreten Formen der entstehenden Kapitalismen in Osteuropa. Sie richten ihre Aufmerksamkeit auf die ererbten Organisationsformen und Institutionen und warnen vor möglichen Entwicklungsblockaden, wenn diesen in den Transformationsstrategien nicht Rechnung getragen wird. Damit leisten sie eine zentrale Kritik an den neoliberalen Reformen in Osteuropa und der ihnen zugrundeliegenden Annahme, daß unabhängig vom geschichtlichen und sozialen Ausgangspunkt einer konkreten Gesellschaft marktwirtschaftliche Basisinstitutionen Effizienz- und Wohlfahrtsgewinne zeitigen. In dem Papier wird jedoch argumentiert, daß die institutionalistische Kritik zu kurz greift, da sie eine wesentliche Determinante der entstehenden osteuropäischen Kapitalismen vernachlässigt, nämlich ihre forcierte Integration in die Weltwirtschaft. Dieser "blinde Fleck" zieht eine Reihe weiterer Probleme nach sich. Institutionalistische Ansätze setzten sich für politische Strategien im nationalstaatlichen Rahmen zu einem historischen Zeitpunkt ein, in dem nationalstaatliche Entwicklungskonzepte durch neoliberale Transnationalisierung zunehmend in Frage gestellt werden. Institutionalisten tendieren dazu, die Bandbreite der zur Verfügung stehenden nationalen Strategien zu überschätzen und die ihnen durch westliche Regimeziele und machtvolle globale Akteure auferlegten "constraints" zu unterschätzen. Durch ihren Fokus auf die historische Erbschaft tendieren sie dazu, Phänomene und Institutionen als osteuropäische Spezifika zu konzeptualisieren, die nur transitorische Phänomene sind. Das Papier endet mit einem Plädoyer, auch in der Transformationsforschung nach den Verbindungsmustern zwischen externen und internen Entwicklungsprozessen zu suchen, und, über diese duale Sichtweise hinausgehend, eine Forschungsperspektive zu entwickeln, die stärker die neuartige, transnationale Form des gegenwärtigen Kapitalismus in den Blick nimmt.

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  • Bohle, Dorothee, 1999. "Der Pfad in die Abhängigkeit? Eine kritische Bewertung institutionalistischer Beiträge in der Transformationsdebatte," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Organization and Employment FS I 99-103, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzboem:fsi99103
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