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Humanitäre Hilfe, Flüchtlinge und Konfliktbearbeitung

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  • Eberwein, Wolf-Dieter

Abstract

Humanitäre Hilfe als Element der zivilen Konfliktbearbeitung zu betrachten, würde ihre Existenzberechtigung grundsätzlich in Frage stellen. Die zentrale These lautet, dass sie somit zum Instrument der politischen Gestaltung mutierte. Humanitäre Hilfe ist dennoch friedenspolitisch noch lange nicht bedeutungslos. Sie ist es, wenn die ihr zugrunde liegenden humanitären Prinzipien, die u.a. im humanitären Völkerrecht wie in der Menschenrechtsdeklaration verankert sind, in der Realität von den Staaten wie den nichtstaatlichen Akteuren geachtet und beachtet werden. Die Durchsetzung dieser Prinzipien entspräche den Bemühungen, Gewalt, wenn sie schon nicht verhindert werden kann, aus der Sicht der Opfer jedenfalls abzumildern. Denn humanitäre Prinzipien weisen in Richtung „Zivilisierung der Gewalt“. Zur Begründung dieser These im Zusammenhang mit der Flüchtlingsproblematik wird erstens eine spezifische Definition von humanitärer Hilfe vorgeschlagen. Zweitens wird die Problematik der humanitären Hilfe in der Gegenwart an Hand einer normativen Konzeption problematisiert. Drittens wird kurz auf die Komplexität der Flüchtlingsproblematik eingegangen, soweit sie für das Thema von Bedeutung ist. Dabei wird die These vertreten, dass die Flüchtlingsproblematik zum einen von der Tendenz her dazu beiträgt, Konflikte strukturell zu perpetuieren, wenn diese nur als humanitäres Problem betrachtet wird. Zugleich kollidiert die politische Bewältigung (oder auch Verdrängung) von Flüchtlingsströmen immer wieder mit der humanitären Zielsetzung. Warum das der Fall ist, soll anhand der Bewältigung der Flüchtlingswelle aus dem Kosovo, die unmittelbar nach dem Beginn der NATO-Luftangriffe auf die Restrepublik Jugoslawien im Frühjahr 1999 nach Albanien und nach Mazedonien überschwappte, illustriert werden. Hierfür wird der Evaluierungsbericht, den der Hohe Kommissar der Vereinten Nationen für Flüchtling (UNHCR) herangezogen.

Suggested Citation

  • Eberwein, Wolf-Dieter, 2001. "Humanitäre Hilfe, Flüchtlinge und Konfliktbearbeitung," Discussion Papers, Research Group International Politics P 01-302, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbipo:p01302
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Risse, Thomas, 2000. "“Let's Argue!”: Communicative Action in World Politics," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 54(1), pages 1-39, January.
    2. Schloms, Michael, 2000. "Divide et impera: Totalitärer Staat und humanitäre Hilfe in Nordkorea," Discussion Papers, Research Group International Politics P 00-304, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
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