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Governance beyond the nation-state: Transnationalization and europeanization of the Baltic Sea Region

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  • Kern, Kristine
  • Löffelsend, Tina

Abstract

After the end of the Cold War, the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) developed into a highly dynamic area of cross-border cooperation and transnational networking. Four types of governance beyond the nation-state are discussed here: (1) international regimes, such as the Helsinki Convention for the Protection of the Baltic Sea; (2) transnational policy networks, such as Baltic 21, the world’s first regional Agenda 21; (3) transnational networks, such as the Union of the Baltic Cities (UBC); and (4) the European Union with approaches such as the “Northern Dimension” for the development of the Baltic Sea Region. Governance towards sustainable development of the Baltic Sea Region undoubtedly requires a combination of national governance with these governance types beyond the nation-state. In this respect, transnational (policy) networks and the European Union provide promising new approaches that can complement the traditional forms of international and intergovernmental cooperation between nation-states. These new governance types represent two parallel trends: a development towards (1) transnationalization and (2) the Europeanization of the Baltic Sea Region.

Suggested Citation

  • Kern, Kristine & Löffelsend, Tina, 2004. "Governance beyond the nation-state: Transnationalization and europeanization of the Baltic Sea Region," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Civil Society and Transnational Networks SP IV 2004-105, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbctn:spiv2004105
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carl-Einar Stalvant, 1999. "The Council of Baltic Sea States," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Andrew Cottey (ed.), Subregional Cooperation in the New Europe, chapter 4, pages 46-68, Palgrave Macmillan.
    2. Liesbet, Hooghe & Gary, Marks, 2003. "Unraveling the Central State, but How? Types of Multi-level Governance," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 97(2), pages 233-243, May.
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