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Intellectual Property Rights and Biological Resources: An Overview of Key Issues and Current Debates

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  • Díaz, Carolina Lasén

Abstract

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive background and overview of key issues, debates and positions related to the international regulation and application of intellectual property rights over biological resources, including biotechnology, and the use and protection of the traditional knowledge of indigenous and local communities. It explores the linkages among biological diversity, rural livelihoods, biotechnology developments and intellectual property with specific view on the relationship between access to biological and genetic resources, agriculture systems, food security, and increased poverty levels around the world. The paper starts by outlining the background and evolution of intellectual property rights. It then provides two case studies on how intellectual property rights affect biodiversity and traditional knowledge. In the main part, the paper indulges on the international governance of biodiversity and intellecutal property rights, especially focussing on the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), the World Intellecutal Property Organization (WIPO), and the World Trade Organization with its Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellecutal Property Rights (TRIPS). However it also sheds light on the increasing impacts of bilateral agreements that govern intellectual property rights in conjunction with the plurilateral International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), and it analyses their relationship with the FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and the CBD. The paper finishes by sketching out ideas for a way forward.

Suggested Citation

  • Díaz, Carolina Lasén, 2005. "Intellectual Property Rights and Biological Resources: An Overview of Key Issues and Current Debates," Wuppertal Papers 151, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wuppap:151
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    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/21838/3/WP151.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gupta, Anil K., 2003. "Rewarding Conservation of Biological and Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge and Contemporary Grassroots Creativity," IIMA Working Papers WP2003-01-06, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department.
    2. Frances Stewart, 1992. "Introduction and Overview," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: North-South and South-South, chapter 1, pages 3-15, Palgrave Macmillan.
    3. Byerlee, Derek & Fischer, Ken, 2002. "Accessing Modern Science: Policy and Institutional Options for Agricultural Biotechnology in Developing Countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 931-948, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jane G. Payumo & Howard D. Grimes & Keith J. Jones, 2012. "Licensing Agricultural Intellectual Property: How Should Public R&D Institutions In Developing Countries Respond?," International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management (IJITM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 9(04), pages 1-24.

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