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Das Problem weltmarktlicher Arzneimittelversorgung: ein Vergleich alternativer Argumentationsstrategien für eine globale Ethik

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  • Pies, Ingo
  • Hielscher, Stefan

Abstract

Dieser Beitrag führt einen Theorievergleich durch. Er kontrastiert den philosophischen Ansatz von Thomas Pogge mit dem Ansatz einer ökonomischen Theorie der Moral. Untersucht wird, wie die beiden Ansätze dem moralischen Anliegen vorarbeiten, die internationale Versorgung mit Arzneimitteln zu verbessern, d.h. wie sie als Theorie dem praktischen Missstand entgegenwirken (wollen), dass Millionen von Menschen an im Prinzip leicht behandelbaren Krankheiten leiden und sterben. Die beiden Ansätze werden verglichen im Hinblick auf ihre Diagnose des Problems und im Hinblick auf ihre jeweiligen Therapievorschläge. Eine wichtige Gemeinsamkeit besteht darin, dass beide Ansätze der institutionellen Anreizgestaltung einen systematischen Stellenwert zuweisen. Allerdings gibt es wichtige Unterschiede im Detail: Pogge identifiziert den Patentschutz als Kern des Problems, lehnt die fallweise Außerkraftsetzung des Patentschutzes durch Zwangslizensierungen als Scheinlösung ab und schlägt stattdessen vor, Forschung und Produktion so zu trennen, dass Arzneimittel im marktlichen Wettbewerb zu Grenzkostenpreisen verkauft werden können, weil die Forschung vom Staat finanziert und als öffentliches Gut bereitgestellt wird. Pogge plädiert für eine von den Reichen zu zahlende Subventionierung, die dazu führen sollen, dass angesichts niedrigerer Arzneimittelpreise sich auch die Armen eine Versorgung mit Medikamenten leisten können. Demgegenüber besteht das Hauptproblem aus Sicht einer ökonomischen Theorie der Moral primär darin, dass in armen Ländern vielfach die institutionellen Voraussetzungen fehlen, damit sich die Bedürfnisse der Armen auch tatsächlich als Bedarf am Markt artikulieren können ...

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  • Pies, Ingo & Hielscher, Stefan, 2007. "Das Problem weltmarktlicher Arzneimittelversorgung: ein Vergleich alternativer Argumentationsstrategien für eine globale Ethik," Discussion Papers 2007-5, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Chair of Economic Ethics.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:mlucee:20075
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    1. Gary S. Becker & Tomas J. Philipson & Rodrigo R. Soares, 2005. "The Quantity and Quality of Life and the Evolution of World Inequality," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 95(1), pages 277-291, March.
    2. Pies, Ingo & Hielscher, Stefan, 2007. "Das Problem der internationalen Arzneimittelversorgung: Eine wirtschaftsethische Perspektive," Discussion Papers 2007-1, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Chair of Economic Ethics.
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    1. Pies, Ingo & Beckmann, Markus & Hielscher, Stefan, 2007. "Mind the Gap! - Ordonomische Überlegungen zur Sozialstruktur und Semantik moderner Governance," Discussion Papers 2007-16, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Chair of Economic Ethics.

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