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Jon Elster und das Zeitinkonsistenz-Problem

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  • Beckmann, Klaus

Abstract

Zeitinkonsistenz wird im Allgemeinen grob als das Phänomen verstanden, dass ein Entscheider, der einen bestimmten optimalen Plan gefasst hat, diesen bei einer späteren Reoptimierung revidiert, ohne dass sich unterdessen relevante Unsicherheit aufgelöst hätte. Die wirtschaftspolitische und institutionenökonomische Relevanz des Themas kann man wohl nur schwer überschätzen. Was Jon Elster am Zeitinkonsistenz-Phänomen fesselt, das ist die Frage nach dem Wesen der Rationalität. Wiederholt wirft er die Frage auf, ob denn eine Person rational genannt werden dürfe, die nicht imstande sei, einen zeitinkonsistenten Plan durchzuhalten und den einmal gefassten Plan zu dem ursprünglichen Frommen nicht gegen sich selbst durchsetzen könne. In diesem Papier soll ein simples formales Grundmuster herausgearbeitet werden, das die verschiedenen Fälle von Zeitinkonsistenz eint und das sich in eine allgemeine Systematik von Regelbegründungen einordnen lässt. Damit entfernen wir uns ein Stück von Elster, der die formale Analogie durchaus sieht, aber ihre Anwendungen auf intra- und interpersonelle Konflikte für inkommensurabel hält. Unter Nutzung dieses einfachen Modells wird sodann Jon Elsters Beitrag zur Theorie der Zeitinkonsistenz gewürdigt. In einem ersten Schritt wird Elsters Forderung nach vollkommener Willensstärke als eines Merkmals wohlverstandener Rationalität kritisiert. Dann aber wird das Argument einer „Meta-Meta-Ebene“, auf der Individuen logisch noch vor der Entscheidung über Spielregeln Eigenschaften ihrer Persönlichkeit wählen, als besonderer Beitrag von Jon Elsters zur Theorie der Zeitinkonsistenz gehoben – führt diese Überlegung doch zu dem Schluss, dass die (Fähigkeit zur) Überwindung von Zeitinkonsistenz nicht in jedem Fall wünschenswert sein muss.

Suggested Citation

  • Beckmann, Klaus, 2007. "Jon Elster und das Zeitinkonsistenz-Problem," Discussion Papers 2007-21, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Chair of Economic Ethics.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:mlucee:200721
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