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Nutzung der Natur und zukünftige Generationen

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  • Siebert, Horst

Abstract

Bei der Nutzung von Umwelt und Natur konkurriert die heutige Generation mit zukünftigen Generationen. Mineralische Brennstoffe wie Erdöl, die wir heute verwenden, sind in der Zukunft nicht mehr vorhanden, metallische Rohstoffe lediglich durch die Wiederverwendung teilweise zurückgewinnbar. Sich selbst erneuernde Ressourcen wie die Fischbestände in den Meeren, die mittlerweile in einigen Weltregionen stark in Anspruch genommenen Grundwassersysteme und die äquatorialen Wälder sind in ihrer Existenz gefährdet, da die Rate der Entnahme die Regenerationsrate übersteigt. Einige Arten in Tier -und Pflanzenwelt sind von der Ausrottung bedroht. Schließlich gelangen Schadstoffe in die Umwelt, die sich dort teilweise in der Zeit akkumulieren und die Qualität von Umweltsystemen beeinträchtigen. Beispiele dieser Auswirkungen sind die Nitratanreicherung des Grundwassers, die Ansammlung von Schadstoffen in den Nahrungsketten wie im Fall des mittlerweile in den Industrienationen verbotenen DDT's, die Akkumulation von Schadstoffen im Boden durch Trocken- oder Naßdeposition und die Gefährdung der Ozon-Schicht. Wie werden die Interessen zukünftiger Generationen bei der Nutzung der Umwelt und der Natur berücksichtigt? Zukünftige Generationen sitzen nicht am Verhandlungstisch, (Page 1977), und ein Tucholsky'sches "colloquio in utero" zwischen den Generationen über die Inanspruchnahme der Natur existiert nicht. Welche Mechanismen sorgen dafür, daß die Interessen zukünftiger Generationen gewahrt werden? Welche institutionellen Arrangements legen der heutigen Generation im Hinblick auf "die Zukunft Restriktionen auf? Kann man zwischen verschiedenen Formen der Verwendungskonkurrenz differenzieren? Und erzwingen unterschiedliche Formen der Verwendungskonkurrenz verschiedene institutionelle Mechanismen? Im folgenden untersuchen wir die Verwendungskonkurrenzen zwischen Generationen; wir diskutieren die spezifischen Charakteristika dieser Verwendungskonkurrenzen. Darauf aufbauend fragen wir danach, wie sich diese Verwendungskonkurrenzen in unseren Entscheidungen auswirken und auswirken sollen. Gleichzeitig suchen wir institutionelle Regelungen, welche die Wahrung der Interessen zukünftiger Generationen garantieren.

Suggested Citation

  • Siebert, Horst, 1987. "Nutzung der Natur und zukünftige Generationen," Discussion Papers, Series II 16, University of Konstanz, Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 178 "Internationalization of the Economy".
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:kondp2:16
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    References listed on IDEAS

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