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Chancen und Risiken einer Flexibilisierung des Arbeitsrechts aus ökonomischer Sicht

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  • Franz, Wolfgang

Abstract

Die Forderung nach einer Flexibilisierung des Arbeitsrechts genießt nach wie vor hohe Priorität in verschiedenen Vorschlägen zur Verbesserung der Beschäftigungssituation. In diesem Beitrag geht es um die Frage, ob und inwieweit ökonomisch nachteilige Folgen des bestehenden Arbeitsrechts identifiziert werden können und mit welchen Kosten sie aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht ggf. verbunden sind. Dies heißt nicht, daß die Schutzwürdigkeit bestimmter Gruppen oder Tatbestände in Abrede gestellt wird. Die Thematik befaßt sich vielmehr mit dem Problem, ob die arbeitsrechtlichen Regelungen aus ökonomischer Sicht das geeignete Instrumentarium darstellen, diesen Schutz effizient zu gewährleisten. Als Ergebnis der Überlegungen ist zunächst festzuhalten, daß sozialpolitisch oder ökonomisch motivierte Schutzvorschriften nicht kostenlos erhältlich sind. Zu einem Teil sind sie allerdings von den Unternehmen aus guten ökonomischen Gründen selbst gewollt; dann sind arbeitsrechtliche Regelungen überflüssig, aber nicht schädlich. Ökonomisch bedenklich werden arbeitsrechtliche Regelungen dann, wenn sie die Last ihrer Finanzierung einseitig den Firmen aufbürden, bei denen die Schutzvorschriften zum Tragen kommen. Aus ökonomischer,Sicht ist eine Lastverteilung in Form einer allgemeinen Versicherung vielfach effizienter. Von einer größeren Flexibilisierung des Arbeitsrechts sind signifikante Beiträge zum Abbau der bestehenden Arbeitslosigkeit kaum zu erwarten. Insoweit sollte die ökonomische Bedeutung einzelner unverständlicher und/oder wechselhafter Entscheidungen von Arbeitsgerichten zwar erkannt werden, weil von ihnen psychologische Wirkungen ausgehen können, aber andererseits sollten diese Entscheidungen auch nicht überbewertet werden. Mehr Verläßlichkeit in der Rechtsprechung ist wünschenswert.

Suggested Citation

  • Franz, Wolfgang, 1993. "Chancen und Risiken einer Flexibilisierung des Arbeitsrechts aus ökonomischer Sicht," Discussion Papers 10, University of Konstanz, Center for International Labor Economics (CILE).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:koncil:10
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    1. Bertola, Giuseppe, 1990. "Job security, employment and wages," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 851-879, June.
    2. Katharine G. Abraham & Susan N. Houseman, 1993. "Job Security in America: Lessons from Germany," Books from Upjohn Press, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, number kagsnh1993, December.
    3. Samuel Bentolila & Giuseppe Bertola, 1990. "Firing Costs and Labour Demand: How Bad is Eurosclerosis?," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 57(3), pages 381-402.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ulrich Walwei, 1996. "Is greater flexibility in the labour market the answer to the unemployment crisis?," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics;Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), vol. 31(4), pages 159-165, July.

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