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Reduziert Entwicklungshilfe Migration?
[Does foreign aid reduce migration?]

Author

Listed:
  • Fuchs, Andreas
  • Gröger, André
  • Heidland, Tobias
  • Wellner, Lukas

Abstract

Der weit verbreitete Einsatz von Entwicklungshilfe zur Bekämpfung von "Fluchtursachen" oder, präziser formuliert, irregulärer Migration, entbehrt einer soliden empirischen Grundlage. In einer neuen Studie (Fuchs, A., A. Groeger, T. Heidland, and L. Wellner (2023). The Effect of Foreign Aid on Migration: Global Micro-Evidence from World Bank Projects. Kiel Working Paper 2257), die wir hier für ein breiteres Publikum zusammenfassen, liefern wir die erste umfassende Kausalanalyse, die Evidenz auf Mikroebene für alle Entwicklungsländer untersucht, welche zwischen 2008 und 2019 von der Weltbank unterstützt wurden. Unsere Analyse ist die erste, die die Auswirkungen der Entwicklungshilfe auf verschiedene Aspekte der Migration aufschlüsselt: die Aspirationen, Möglichkeiten (sog. Capabilities) zur Migration und tatsächlicher Migration. Im Einklang mit der Idee, dass Entwicklungshilfe die Ursachen der irregulären Migration reduziert, zeigt unsere Studie, dass die Ankündigung und Umsetzung von Entwicklungshilfeprojekten die Migrationsaspirationen von Menschen in Empfängerländern deutlich reduziert. Dieser Effekt ist vorübergehender Natur und tritt nicht in fragilen Ländern auf. Für die langfristige Betrachtung des Effekts von Entwicklungshilfe auf Migration ist der entscheidende Faktor, ob Entwicklungshilfe letztlich die Lebensbedingungen verbessert, was jedoch auch Migrationsmöglichkeiten verbessern kann. Unsere Ergebnisse liefern einen Beleg dafür, dass dies der Fall ist. Wichtig anzumerken ist jedoch, dass zusätzliche Migration in regulären Kanälen stattfindet. Diese Ergebnisse sind für politische Entscheidungsträger von erheblicher Bedeutung, wie wir am Ende dieses Beitrags erläutern.

Suggested Citation

  • Fuchs, Andreas & Gröger, André & Heidland, Tobias & Wellner, Lukas, 2023. "Reduziert Entwicklungshilfe Migration? [Does foreign aid reduce migration?]," Kiel Policy Brief 169, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkpb:169de
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    References listed on IDEAS

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