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Green hydrogen: Implications for international cooperation. With special reference to South Africa

Author

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  • Stamm, Andreas
  • Altenburg, Tilman
  • Strohmaier, Rita
  • Oyan, Ece
  • Thoms, Katharina

Abstract

Green hydrogen - produced with renewable energy - is indispensable for the decarbonisation of economies, especially concerning 'hard-to-abate' activities such as the production of steel, cement and fertilisers as well as maritime transport and aviation. The demand for green hydrogen is therefore booming. Currently, green hydrogen is far more expensive than fossil fuel-based alternatives, but major initiatives are underway to develop a global green hydrogen market and bring costs down. Green hydrogen is expected to become cost-competitive in the mid-2030s. Given their endowment with solar and wind energy, many countries in the Global South are well-positioned to produce low-cost green hydrogen and are therefore attracting investments. Whether and to what extent these investments will create value and employment for - and improve environmental conditions in - the host economies depends on policies. This discussion paper analyses the potential industrial development spillovers of green hydrogen production, distinguishing seven clusters of upstream and downstream industries that might receive a stimulus from green hydrogen. Yet, it also underlines that there is no automatism. Unless accompanied by industrial and innovation policies, and unless there are explicit provisions for using revenues for a Just Transition, hydrogen investments may lead to the formation of socially exclusive enclaves. The paper consists of two parts. Part A provides basic information on the emerging green hydrogen market and its technological ramifications, the opportunities for countries with abundant resources for renewable energy, how national policies can maximise the effects in terms of sustainable national development and how this can be supported by international cooperation. Part B delves into the specific case of South Africa, which is one of the countries that has an advanced hydrogen roadmap and hosts several German and international development projects. The country case shows how a national hydrogen strategy can be tailored to specific country conditions and how international cooperation can support its design and implementation.

Suggested Citation

  • Stamm, Andreas & Altenburg, Tilman & Strohmaier, Rita & Oyan, Ece & Thoms, Katharina, 2023. "Green hydrogen: Implications for international cooperation. With special reference to South Africa," IDOS Discussion Papers 9/2023, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:diedps:92023
    DOI: 10.23661/idp9.2023
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cesar A. Hidalgo & Ricardo Hausmann, 2009. "The Building Blocks of Economic Complexity," Papers 0909.3890, arXiv.org.
    2. K. J. Arrow, 1971. "The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: F. H. Hahn (ed.), Readings in the Theory of Growth, chapter 11, pages 131-149, Palgrave Macmillan.
    3. Hanto, Jonathan & Krawielicki, Lukas & Krumm, Alexandra & Moskalenko, Nikita & Löffler, Konstantin & Hauenstein, Christian & Oei, Pao-Yu, 2021. "Effects of decarbonization on the energy system and related employment effects in South Africa," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 124, pages 73-84.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kai Schulze & Mile Mišić & Nikola Radojičić & Berkin Serin, 2024. "Evaluating Partners for Renewable Energy Trading: A Multidimensional Framework and Tool," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-22, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Green hydrogen; energy transition; industrial development; industrial policy; South Africa; Just Transition; technological learning; international cooperation;
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