IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/cefswp/200809.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

The impact of order size on stock liquidity: a representative study

Author

Listed:
  • Stange, Sebastian
  • Kaserer, Christoph

Abstract

Liquidity, the ease of trading an asset, strongly varies between different sizes of stock positions. We analyze this aspect using the Xetra Liquidity Measure (XLM), which calculates daily, weighted spread for impatient traders transacting against the limit order book. For this measure, we have data for 160 German stocks over 5.5 years, which allows us a representative analysis of the order-size impact on liquidity cost and its main statistical characteristics. We find that in the sample period average liquidity costs rose to over 100bp in large DAX and to 460bp in large SDAX positions. Over the last 5.5 years, liquidity has equally improved across all order sizes. Liquid position sizes, however, suffered less badly during the recent sub-prime crises, which represents another type of the flight-to-liquidity. As the basis for further theoretical analysis, we find that trends in liquidity levels and inefficiencies in liquidity prices of large positions generate non-normality in the liquidity distribution. We also show that - as a rule of thumb - liquidity of an order size relative to market value and transaction volume is constant across stocks and time. While order size is not the most important liquidity determinant, doubling order size increases liquidity cost by 5-10% on average when accounting for other differences in stocks.

Suggested Citation

  • Stange, Sebastian & Kaserer, Christoph, 2008. "The impact of order size on stock liquidity: a representative study," CEFS Working Paper Series 2008-09, Technische Universität München (TUM), Center for Entrepreneurial and Financial Studies (CEFS).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:cefswp:200809
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/48431/1/587946911.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Héléna Beltran-Lopez & Pierre Giot & Joachim Grammig, 2009. "Commonalities in the order book," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 23(3), pages 209-242, September.
    2. Amihud, Yakov & Mendelson, Haim, 1986. "Asset pricing and the bid-ask spread," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 223-249, December.
    3. Beltran, Héléna & Grammig, Joachim & Menkveld, Albert J., 2005. "Understanding the limit order book: Conditioning on trade informativeness," CFR Working Papers 05-05, University of Cologne, Centre for Financial Research (CFR).
    4. Robert Almgren, 2003. "Optimal execution with nonlinear impact functions and trading-enhanced risk," Applied Mathematical Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 1-18.
    5. Yakov Amihud & Haim Mendelson, 2006. "Stock and Bond Liquidity and its Effect on Prices and Financial Policies," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 20(1), pages 19-32, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Meskat Ibne Sharif, 2023. "Parametric test of liquidity wavering in response to the dynamic equity constituents," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 1-26, January.
    2. Gann, Philipp, 2009. "Liquidität, Risikoeinstellung des Kapitalmarktes und Konjunkturerwartung als Preisdeterminanten von Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) - Eine simulationsgestützte Analyse," Discussion Papers in Business Administration 10582, University of Munich, Munich School of Management.
    3. Levent C. Uslu & Burak Evre, 2017. "Liquidity Adjusted Value At Risk: Integrating The Uncertainty In Depth And Tightness," Eurasian Journal of Business and Management, Eurasian Publications, vol. 5(1), pages 55-69.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Radygin, Alexander (Радыгин, Александр) & Akshentceva, Kseniia (Акшенцева, Ксения) & Chernovа, Maria (Чернова, Мария) & Abramov, Alexander (Абрамов, Александр), 2017. "Factors Affecting the Liquidity of Corporate Bonds [Факторы, Влияющие На Ликвидность Корпоративных Облигаций]," Working Papers 041706, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
    2. Matthias Bank & Martin Larch & Georg Peter, 2011. "Google search volume and its influence on liquidity and returns of German stocks," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 25(3), pages 239-264, September.
    3. Sergey Isaenko & Rui Zhong, 2015. "Liquidity premium in the presence of stock market crises and background risk," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(1), pages 79-90, January.
    4. Vayanos, Dimitri & Wang, Jiang, 2013. "Market Liquidity—Theory and Empirical Evidence ," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 1289-1361, Elsevier.
    5. Cebiroglu, Gökhan & Hautsch, Nikolaus & Walsh, Christopher, 2019. "Revisiting the stealth trading hypothesis: Does time-varying liquidity explain the size-effect?," CFS Working Paper Series 625, Center for Financial Studies (CFS).
    6. Kempf, Alexander & Mayston, Daniel, 2006. "Liquidity commonality beyond best prices," CFR Working Papers 06-04, University of Cologne, Centre for Financial Research (CFR).
    7. Márcio André Veras Machado & Otávio Ribeiro de Medeiros, 2012. "Does the liquidity effect exist in the brazilian stock market?," Brazilian Business Review, Fucape Business School, vol. 9(4), pages 27-50, October.
    8. Richard G. Anderson & Jane M. Binner & Björn Hagströmer & Birger Nilsson, 2013. "Does commonality in illiquidity matter to investors?," Working Papers 2013-020, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
    9. Hagströmer, Björn & Anderson, Richard G. & Binner, Jane & Nilsson, Birger, 2009. "Dynamics in Systematic Liquidity," Working Papers 2009:7, Lund University, Department of Economics.
    10. Márcio André Veras Machado & Márcia Reis Machado, 2014. "Liquidity and asset pricing:evidence from the Brazilian market," Brazilian Business Review, Fucape Business School, vol. 11(1), pages 69-89, January.
    11. Georges Dionne & Xiaozhou Zhou, 2020. "The dynamics of ex-ante weighted spread: an empirical analysis," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(4), pages 593-617, April.
    12. Juan Pi??eiro Chousa, & Artur Tamazian, & Davit N. Melikyan,, 2008. "MARKET RISK DYNAMICS AND COMPETITIVENESS AFTER THE EURO: Evidence from EMU Members," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series wp916, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    13. Tripathi, Abhinava & Dixit, Alok & Vipul,, 2021. "Liquidity commonality in extreme quantiles: Indian evidence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    14. Rene Carmona & Kevin Webster, 2012. "High Frequency Market Making," Papers 1210.5781, arXiv.org.
    15. Helwege, Jean & Huang, Jing-Zhi & Wang, Yuan, 2014. "Liquidity effects in corporate bond spreads," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 105-116.
    16. Azwar Abdulsalam & Gowri Jayprakash & Abhijeet Chandra, 2020. "On the Pricing of Currency Options under Variance Gamma Process," Papers 2009.14113, arXiv.org.
    17. Díaz, Antonio & Escribano, Ana, 2020. "Measuring the multi-faceted dimension of liquidity in financial markets: A literature review," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    18. Michael Chlistalla & Marco Lutat, 2011. "Competition in securities markets: the impact on liquidity," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 25(2), pages 149-172, June.
    19. Lepori, Gabriele M., 2015. "Investor mood and demand for stocks: Evidence from popular TV series finales," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 33-47.
    20. Gianbiagio Curato & Jim Gatheral & Fabrizio Lillo, 2014. "Optimal execution with nonlinear transient market impact," Papers 1412.4839, arXiv.org.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    asset liquidity; liquidity cost; price impact; weighted spread; Xetra liquidity measure (XLM);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:zbw:cefswp:200809. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/fwtumde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.