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Corruzione burocratica e preferenze sociali: un modello interpretativo

Author

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  • Luca Correani

    (University of Tuscia viterbo faculty of economics)

Abstract

L’approccio tradizionale allo studio della corruzione considera questo fenomeno la diretta conseguenza degli incentivi forniti da norme e vincoli formali agli agenti economici. Il modello sviluppato in questo articolo cerca di evidenziare i limiti di questo approccio, ridimensionando l’importanza delle riforme istituzionali nella lotta alla corruzione ed enfatizzando invece la centralità del ruolo svolto dalla natura delle preferenze sociali nell’affermazione di equilibri senza corruzione. La struttura del modello è quella di un gioco ad informazione incompleta in cui burocrate e utente si trovano a decidere se agire onestamente o illegalmente. Le preferenze dei due agenti sono distinte in base al grado di avversione alla corruzione che li rende più o meno favorevoli alla realizzazione di transazioni illegali. Ogni equilibrio è associato ad una particolare struttura dei costi della corruzione indicativa dello stato d’efficienza delle istituzioni. Miglioramenti istituzionali quindi possono produrre mutamenti nella struttura dei costi e degli incentivi alla corruzione, facilitando il passaggio ad equilibri in cui la strategia dominante è l’onestà. La logica istituzionalista tuttavia incontra seri ostacoli di applicazione; la riforma delle norme, che consentirebbe la riduzione dei livelli di corruzione, comporta costi di natura economica e politica, che nella maggioranza dei casi impediscono o rallentano il necessario cambiamento. La simulazione del modello sembra rivelare come in questi casi l’alternativa più efficace sia quella di un miglioramento strutturale delle preferenze della popolazione, attraverso campagne di sensibilizzazione. A parità di assetto istituzionale, infatti, una maggiore avversione alla corruzione aumenta la consapevolezza del danno sociale da essa arrecato, facilitando il passaggio ad equilibri senza corruzione. Effetti diametralmente opposti si producono se l’intervento punta ad un esclusivo miglioramento delle preferenze a livello burocratico. In questi casi, l’aumento della proporzione di burocrati avversi alla corruzione non riduce il loro potere decisionale e facilita il passaggio ad equilibri di “high bribery” dove gli utenti offrono tangenti relativamente più alte, permettendo ai burocrati di coprire anche i costi morali. Quando la corruzione è “istituzionalizzata”, quindi, il miglioramento delle preferenze a livello burocratico non produce una significativa riduzione dei livelli di corruzione.

Suggested Citation

  • Luca Correani, 2004. "Corruzione burocratica e preferenze sociali: un modello interpretativo," Public Economics 0406008, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwppe:0406008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    corruzione; preferenze; burocrazia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D7 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
    • K4 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior

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