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Preschool Availability and Female Labor Force Participation : Evidence from Indonesia

Author

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  • Halim,Daniel Zefanya
  • Johnson,Hillary C.
  • Perova,Elizaveta

Abstract

At 50.9 percent, female labor force participation in Indonesia is far below the regional average of 60.8 percent. Is it being hindered by a lack of affordable childcare services in the country? This paper exploits the joint variations in preschool age eligibility and access to preschool across regions and over years in a difference-in-difference-in-differences framework. With a longitudinal survey that tracks individuals for an average of 22 years, a panel of mothers was constructed to estimate the elasticity of maternal employment to preschool access. The analysis finds that an additional public preschool per 1,000 children increases the work participation of mothers of preschool age eligible children by 11-16 percent from the baseline mean. Private preschools do not increase work participation at the extensive margin, but they increase the likelihood of holding a second job. The availability of preschools induces mothers to informal sector occupations that do not require full-time commitments.

Suggested Citation

  • Halim,Daniel Zefanya & Johnson,Hillary C. & Perova,Elizaveta, 2019. "Preschool Availability and Female Labor Force Participation : Evidence from Indonesia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8915, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:8915
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    File URL: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/393431561484915075/pdf/Preschool-Availability-and-Female-Labor-Force-Participation-Evidence-from-Indonesia.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Hentschel, Elizabeth & Tran, Ha T.T & Ha Nguyen, Van & Tran, Thuy & Yousafzai, Aisha K., 2023. "The effects of a childcare training program on childcare quality and child development: Evidence from a quasi-experimental study in Vietnam," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    2. Ezgi Caki, 2022. "The Plight of Female Employment in Germany under School-Related COVID-19 Control Measures," The CoronaNet Researchers Working Paper Series 04/2022, CoronaNet Research Project, revised Jun 2022.
    3. Halim,Daniel Zefanya & Perova,Elizaveta & Reynolds,Sarah, 2021. "Childcare and Mothers’ Labor Market Outcomes in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9828, The World Bank.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Educational Sciences; Gender and Development; Labor Markets;
    All these keywords.

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