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Structural adjustment and living conditions in developing countries

Author

Listed:
  • Kakwani, Nanak
  • Makonnen, Elene
  • van der Gaag, Jacques

Abstract

The authors compare trends in per capita private consumption, social sector indicators, and government spending in the social sectors, between countries that received Bank adjustment loans and countries that did not. They point out that there is little reason to believe that the poor are being hurt by adjustment because absorption is reduced. But there is still cause for concern : real per capita spending in the social sectors decreased in many countries, especially those adjusting intensely. Improving the living conditions of the poor calls for growth oriented policies, the effects of which will be felt only in the long run. During adjustment, immediate interventions are needed to mitigate short run welfare losses experienced by readily identifiable groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Kakwani, Nanak & Makonnen, Elene & van der Gaag, Jacques, 1990. "Structural adjustment and living conditions in developing countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 467, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:467
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Tsujita, Yuko, 2005. "Economic Reform and Social Sector Expenditures: A Study of Fifteen Indian States 1980/81-1999/2000," IDE Discussion Papers 31, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
    2. Tony Killick, 1995. "Structural Adjustment and Poverty Alleviation: An Interpretative Survey," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 26(2), pages 305-330, April.
    3. Rose, Pauline, 1995. "Female education and adjustment programs: A crosscountry statistical analysis," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 23(11), pages 1931-1949, November.

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