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Early Lessons from Social Protection and Jobs Response to COVID-19 in Middle East andNorth Africa (MENA) Countries

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  • Kamurase,Alex
  • Willenborg,Emma Schwirck

Abstract

Countries in the Middle East and North Africa region quickly introduced measures to limit thespread of COVID-19 following the first confirmed cases. These measures included curfews, lockdowns, and socialdistancing. As a result of COVID-19 induced impacts, countries in the region adopted social protection measuresto mitigate the human and economic impacts of the pandemic. But most of the countries in MENA were already experiencingpoor macroeconomics brought on by the decline in oil prices and by fragility, conflict, and violence. Illness and lossof income due to the pandemic (largely from informal sources) exacerbated the extreme vulnerability faced by thepoor and vulnerable groups. Social protection programs, and particularly social safety nets (SSNs), can help householdsabsorb short-term consumption risk during periods of crisis and build resilience to manage future shocks. In MENA, 21countries and territories formally announced social protection measures to cope with the impacts of COVID-19.According to a Word Bank real-time review of social protection and jobs responses to COVID-19 (updated May2021), measures in MENA have spanned social assistance, social insurance, and labor markets programs. Socialassistance measures accounted for 59 percent of overall response, whereas social insurance and labor markets made up23 and 18 percent, respectively. Since the World Bank launched its COVID-19 response, Social Protection and Jobs(SPJ) support to MENA countries has been fast, flexible, and adaptive. The number of Bank-supported social safety netbeneficiaries increased from 2 million to 16 million in just 1.5 years of response which demonstrates that socialprotection systems in MENA are scalable and that country systems and programs are flexible to facilitate thisscalability. Early lessons suggest the World Bank significantly contributed to addressing financing,knowledge, and delivery needs based on existing lending and policy dialogue platforms, drawing on the experience in MENAas well as global learning. But lessons also suggest that social protection policy dialogue in MENA is even moreimportant moving forward, to help countries strengthen and boost policy reforms and to design and implement socialprotection programs and systems that can adequately, effectively, and efficiently target the poor and vulnerable,and be able to respond to population needs during disasters and shocks. This paper provides a documentation of thecontext for SPJ COVID19 response in MENA countries’, aframework for continued response and some of the early lessons learned.

Suggested Citation

  • Kamurase,Alex & Willenborg,Emma Schwirck, 2021. "Early Lessons from Social Protection and Jobs Response to COVID-19 in Middle East andNorth Africa (MENA) Countries," Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes 167319, The World Bank.
  • Handle: RePEc:wbk:hdnspu:167319
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Bank, 2018. "Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018 [Rapport 2018 sur la pauvreté et la prospérité partagée]," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 30418.
    2. World Bank, 2020. "Response to COVID-19," World Bank Publications - Reports 33738, The World Bank Group.
    3. Kathy Lindert & Tina George Karippacheril & Inés Rodriguez Caillava & Kenichi Nishikawa Chavez, 2020. "Sourcebook on the Foundations of Social Protection Delivery Systems," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 34044.
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    Keywords

    Social Protections & Assistance; Social Development & Poverty; Inequality; Labor Markets; Rural Labor Markets;
    All these keywords.

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