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Human Capital Accumulation and Output Growth in Demand-led Macrodynamics

Author

Listed:
  • Gilberto Tadeu Lima
  • Laura Barbosa de Carvalho
  • Gustavo Pereira Serra

Abstract

This paper sets forth two macrodynamic models of capacity utilization and output growth with human capital formation having a positive impact on labor productivity. Human capital formation is costly, however, and two financing mechanisms are considered, one in each model. In the first model, public investment in human capital is financed by some part of income tax revenues, configuring a further source of aggregate demand in addition to private consumption, government consumption, and private investment in physical capital. The second model features public investment in human capital formation financed by all income tax revenues supplemented by workers's own investment in human capital financed through debt. Hence public and private investment in human capital configure further sources of aggregate demand formation, together with private consumption and investment in physical capital. Analogously to firms’s desired investment in physical capital, workers’ desired investment in human capital is independent from saving out of current income. The excess of workers’s desired investment in human capital formation over the public investment in human capital is financed through debt made available by an endogenous supply of credit money. Although this second model is not intended to describe specifically debt-financed human capital formation through student loans, it incorporates some features of the U.S. experience with student debt such as a fixed interest rate and income-based repayment.

Suggested Citation

  • Gilberto Tadeu Lima & Laura Barbosa de Carvalho & Gustavo Pereira Serra, 2024. "Human Capital Accumulation and Output Growth in Demand-led Macrodynamics," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2024_23, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP), revised 28 Aug 2024.
    • Handle: RePEc:spa:wpaper:2024wpecon23
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Isaac Ehrlich & Dunli Li & Zhiqiang Liu, 2017. "The Role of Entrepreneurial Human Capital as a Driver of Endogenous Economic Growth," Journal of Human Capital, University of Chicago Press, vol. 11(3), pages 310-351.
    2. Laura Barbosa de Carvalho & Gilberto Tadeu Lima & Gustavo Pereira Serra, 2024. "Household debt, knowledge capital accumulation, and macrodynamic performance," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(1), pages 84-116, January.
    3. Gilberto Tadeu Lima & Laura Carvalho & Gustavo Pereira Serra, 2021. "Human capital accumulation, income distribution, and economic growth: a demand-led analytical framework," Review of Keynesian Economics, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 9(3), pages 319-336, July.
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    5. Gustavo Pereira Serra, 2023. "Household debt, student loan forgiveness, and human capital investment: a neo-Kaleckian approach," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(1), pages 173-206, January.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Human capital; household debt; capacity utilization; employment rate; output growth;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E12 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian; Modern Monetary Theory
    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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