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Women's Work in India: Evidence from changes in time use between 1998 and 2019

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  • Nicholas Li

    (Department of Economics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada)

Abstract

I provide evidence on long-run changes in female work for six Indian states common to the 1998-99 and 2019 time-use surveys. Rural women experienced large decreases in work time (especially paid work) but urban women did not. Men experienced larger declines in paid work but partly compensated with greater self-employment. Changes in self-reported ``usual work status'' do not provide an accurate measure of these changes in work time. Declining work for rural women is observed regardless of self-reported work status, education level, caste/religious group, or state. Leisure time for women increased, reducing the gender-gap in leisure by 50%.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas Li, 2022. "Women's Work in India: Evidence from changes in time use between 1998 and 2019," Working Papers 084, Toronto Metropolitan University, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:rye:wpaper:wp084
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    File URL: https://www.arts.ryerson.ca/economics/repec/pdfs/wp084.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kapsos, Steven. & Bourmpoula, Evangelia. & Silberman, Andrea., 2014. "Why is female labour force participation declining so sharply in India?," ILO Working Papers 994949190702676, International Labour Organization.
    2. Chatterjee,Urmila & Murgai,Rinku & Rama,Martin G., 2015. "Job opportunities along the rural-urban gradation and female labor force participation in India," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7412, The World Bank.
    3. Afridi, Farzana & Bishnu, Monisankar & Mahajan, Kanika, 2020. "Gendering Technological Change: Evidence from Agricultural Mechanization," IZA Discussion Papers 13712, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
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    Cited by:

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    women; gender; work; India; time-use; inequality;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development

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