Prevention Mechanisms of Inter-Ethnic Tensions in the Context of Migratory Population Growth[Механизмы Предотвращения Межэтнической Напряженности В Условиях Миграционного Прироста Населения]

This study focuses on the contextual verification of the theory of ethno-cultural justice, formed in the framework of procedural liberal pluralism - its testing on specific examples of North America, Western and Eastern Europe, and Russia. This theory is based on the possibility of combining individual rights with collective rights of minorities. With this approach, interethnic relations are considered, first of all, as a phenomenon of the public sphere, within which certain groups demand from the state to recognize their right to identity. The set of rights and institutional capacities which certain communities dispose directly depends from such a recognition. The authors consider the state as the central player in interethnic relations, while it mediates the interaction between different ethno-cultural associations. The state is the only actor that has the legitimate right to frame certain interactions as "interethnic". In the absence of the state we are dealing with private phenomena. Studying various cases, the authors explore the mechanisms for granting rights to autochthonous (national) and allochthonous (immigrant) communities, their adaptation to the dominant societal culture. Particular attention is paid to the integration of the second generation of immigrants - as potentially the most vulnerable group (from the point of view of potential radicalization). The study demonstrates the paramount importance of educational mechanisms in the processes of integration and adaptation of migrants. In addition, the authors claim that the problem of protecting the rights of minorities goes far beyond the competence of individual countries. The study identifies the role of international organizations, including INGOs in this area. Finally, the authors reveal the distinctive features of Eastern European societies in the context of xenophobic manifestations, which in a way makes it difficult to apply the approaches of Will Kymlicka and other representatives of liberal egalitarianism. Nevertheless, some of the provisions of Kymlicka's theory seem to be relevant to the Russian context in connection with the development of a policy of the integration of immigrants.