국제사회의 산업부문 탄소중립 추진 동향과 대응방향: 중소기업을 중심으로(Global Efforts to Achieve Carbon Neutrality in the Industrial Sector and Implications: Focusing on SMEs)

전 세계적으로 다수의 국가와 기업이 탄소중립을 추구함에 따라 다량의 온실가스를 배출하는 산업부문의 감축 노력이 강화되고 있다. 본 연구는 주요국의 정부뿐만 아니라 민간의 온실가스 감축 전략을 비교분석하고, 설문조사를 토대로 우리나라 중소기업의 정책 수요를 파악하여 시사점을 도출하였다. 특히 산업부문의 탈탄소화 과정에서 중소기업의 역할이 중요함에도 이를 다각도로 분석한 연구가 부족하다는 점에서 차별성을 확보하고 있다. The international community has stepped up efforts to achieve carbon neutrality or net zero emissions and has begun to expand the scope of greenhouse gas management to all companies in the supply chain. In particular, the decarbonization of industries that emit large amounts of greenhouse gases is an important task for countries not only to effectively respond to climate change, but also to improve their energy security and international competitiveness. Although decarbonization can be achieved by all companies regardless of their sizes, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are struggling with a lack of resources and capabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of national and multilateral carbon-neutral strategies, identify policy demands of SMEs based on survey results, and derive implications for the decarbonization of the industrial sector and, in particular, SMEs in Korea. Chapter 2 mainly analyzes policies to reduce greenhouse gases in the industrial sector and cases of multilateral cooperation between both major governments and global companies. Sweden, Germany, the United States, the UK and Japan are increasing their financial support for decarbonization efforts in their industrial sectors, also rearranging relevant policies and institutions. Sweden is working closely with the EU and its local governments to support carbon reduction projects, and also subsidizes investments with greenhouse gas reduction benefits but not expected to generate a return on investment without subsidies. Germany is inducing technological innovation and international cooperation among SMEs. The United States is expanding its investment in clean energy and providing research and development funding to SMEs and startups through federal agency-level programs such as SBIR/STTR programs. The UK is promoting decarbonization particularly in high-emitting industrial clusters, and is stimulating private investment through public funding for technology innovation. Japan is expanding its financial support in this area, for instance through tax benefits for companies pursuing green transformation (GX), and helping SMEs and startups enter or expand their business in developing countries through funds including Official Development Assistance (ODA).(the rest omitted)