국제사회의 성평등 무역규범 도입 현황과 한국의 정책과제(Introduction of the ‘Trade and Gender’ Rules and its Policy Implications)

본 연구에서는 다자체제와 지역무역협정에서의 성평등 무역규범 논의를 조사하였다. ‘무역과 성평등’ 규범이 조항에서 챕터로 확대되고 이후 단독 약정으로 진화하는 형태에 대해 살펴보며, 각 무역협정 내 포함된 성평등 규범의 내용을 분석한다. 또한 우리나라 최초로 FTA 내 성평등 챕터의 도입을 앞두고 있는 상황에서 협상전략 측면의 시사점을 제시하고, 나아가 여성을 고려한 통상정책 전반에 대한 시사점을 제시한다.(This study examines the latest standard linking trade and gender and suggests policy implications as Korea prepares to introduce the first gender chapter in an FTA. Inclusive growth or sustainable growth approach, an alternative to the growing inequalities that have emerged during globalization and trade expansion, is also applicable to trade and women. The discussion on trade and gender is based on the idea that the impact of trade may differ by gender. Factors that prevent women from reaping the benefits of trade include the existence of unique barriers to trade for women; the low level of direct participation in trade by the service sector, where women predominantly work; and the generally small size of firms worked in or owned by women. Therefore, there is a need to elaborate trade policies to provide opportunities for women to participate in trade and to ensure that women share in the benefits of trade, which will lead to quantitative and qualitative economic growth. In response, the WTO adopted ‘the Buenos Aires Declaration on Trade and Women’s Economic Empowerment’ at its 11th Ministerial Conference in 2017, established voluntary reporting in the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Process. WTO, through an informal working group and a dedicated unit on trade and gender, is actively engaged in discussions on women’s empowerment through trade. In FTAs, provisions on ‘trade and gender’ have evolved as follows. The gender standard was first included as a few articles in other chapters, such as labor and development, and then in the late 2010s, as Chile, Canada and others became active international advocates on the issues, a chapter on trade and gender was included in FTAs. In 2020, Chile, Canada, and New Zealand agreed to the Global Trade and Gender Arrangement(GTAGA), which provides a stand-alone text for a trade and gender rules. The ‘Trade and Gender’ chapter in an FTA consists of four main types of provisions. These are: general provisions, provisions citing international agreements, provisions relating to cooperation activities, and provisions on institutional arrangements.)(the rest omitted)