시진핑 3기의 경제체제 개혁 과제와 시사점: ‘사회주의 시장경제 체제’ 구축을 중심으로(Challenges and Implications for China’s Economic System Reform in the Third Term of Xi Jinping: Focusing on Establishing a Socialist Market Economy System)

중국은 과거 30년간 ‘사회주의 시장경제 체제’ 구축을 목표로 경제체제를 개혁해 왔다. 이 보고서에서는 사회주의 시장경제 체제의 완성, 공동부유, 쌍순환 전략, 제도형 개방 등 중국의 중장기 발전전략에 내포된 경제개혁 과제를 분석하였다. 시진핑 3기에는 생산 요소의 시장화 배분이 강화되는 ‘시장화 개혁’이 강화되는 가운데, 혼합소유제 개혁을 핵심으로 하는 민영화도 점진적으로 추진할 것으로 전망된다. 다만 안전과 개방을 연계하는 전략을 강화하고 있다는 점에서 주의가 요구된다. The year 2022 marks the 30th anniversary of China's declaration of economic system reform to establish a “socialist market economy system(社会主义市场经济体制)” Over the past 30 years, China has strengthened the role of the market in resource allocation and economic operation, and has promoted ownership reform in which both the public – the core of China's socialist economy - and the non-public sectors of the economy develop together. China has continued to build a “basic economic system of socialism(社会主义基本经济制度) with Chinese characteristics”, in other words, an economic system which is based on fundamental socialist institutions but combines market economy mechanisms. At the same time, however, entering his third term Xi Jinping has stressed a Dual Circulation Strategy aimed at common prosperity and domestic consumption (“internal circulation”), leading to forecasts that China may be strengthening the socialist nature of its economic system. Therefore, from the perspective of completing the socialist market economy system that China is pursuing, this study aims to infer changes in China's economic system in the 3rd term of Xi Jinping, specifically by analyzing tasks related to economic system reform included within China's mid- to long-term development strategy and the direction of its promotion. The reformation process of China's economic system following the implementation of reform and opening policy can be understood as one of establishing a basic economic system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. This process can be comprehended as changes in the relationship between the three elements of the basic economic system of socialism: joint development of public and non-public sectors of the economy (ownership relationship); the coexistence of various wealth distribution methods, with labor income as the main body (distribution relationship); and the socialist market economy system (relationship between market and government). In addition to reforming its economic system, China's opening and trade policies to connect the domestic economy and the world economy have played an important role in promoting domestic reform. (the rest omitted)