글로벌 디지털플랫폼의 데이터 집중화에 따른 경제적 영향 분석(Economic Impact of Data Concentration on Global Digital Platforms)

이 연구에서는 데이터가 디지털플랫폼 경쟁에 미치는 영향을 살펴본다. 디지털플랫폼이 사업을 운영하면서 획득한 사용자 데이터를 통해 서비스의 질적 향상에 기여한다면, 시장경쟁에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 동태분석한다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 데이터 독점으로 인한 글로벌 디지털플랫폼의 시장 지배력을 완화하고 디지털 생태계의 개방성을 보호하기 위한 정책을 수립하는 데 고려해야 할 사항을 제시한다. Recent regulatory proposals on competition in digital markets, such as the EU's Digital Markets Act and Digital Services Act, emphasize the importance of ensuring fair competition in markets to sustain innovation and avoid long-term monopolies. There is a growing concern that markets are becoming increasingly concentrated, with a small number of data-rich companies gaining prominent positions in horizontally or vertically linked markets and large user bases. This report identifies considerations for introducing policies to mitigate the market power of data-rich global digital platforms and protect the openness of digital ecosystems for potential new entrants. To this end, we examine data-related regulatory trends in major countries and theoretically discuss the implications for inter-platform competition when data gives digital platforms a competitive advantage. We then focus on data portability, the most prominent data-related regulation of digital platforms, to explore the impact of data portability regulation on digital platform competition. This study largely consists of five main parts. Chapter 2 outlines the basic characteristics of the platform economy, including its multi- sided nature and indirect network effects, and describes the role of data in the platform economy, in order to better understand the discussion that follows. Indirect externalities are prominent in digital platforms, which are intermediaries that allow multiple independent groups of economic actors to interact through digital connectivity, due to their two-sided market nature. If one side can initially attract a certain number of people to the platform, it becomes easier for both sides to attract additional platform users in a virtuous cycle through indirect network effects, making it easier for market tipping than in other markets. In these digital platform markets, data is utilized to improve the quality of services provided by the digital platforms and to expand their user base. Digital platforms collect, process, and analyze personal-level data generated from users' interactions with the platform after obtaining their consent. As more data is accumulated, search and recommendation results are tailored to the user, which increases the utility or profitability of the platform for both users and merchants. Digital platforms can also collect and use data to create new business opportunities. By merging with other digital platforms, or by entering the market for complementary services, digital platforms can create additional commercial value by combining their own data with that of other platforms. (the rest omitted)